Orthogonal Rendezvous Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks

Abstract

Routing in multi-hop wireless networks involves the indirection from a persistent name (or ID) to a locator. Concepts such as coordinate space embedding help reduce the number and dynamism complexity of bindings and state needed for this indirection. Routing protocols which do not use such concepts often tend to flood packets during route discovery or dissemination, and hence have limited scalability. In this paper, we introduce Orthogonal Rendezvous Routing Protocol (ORRP) for meshed wireless networks. ORRP is a lightweight, but scalable routing protocol utilizing directional communications (such as directional antennas or free-space-optical transceivers) to relax information requirements such as coordinate space embedding and node localization. The ORRP source and ORRP destination send route discovery and route dissemination packets respectively in locally-chosen orthogonal directions. Connectivity happens when these paths intersect (i.e. rendezvous). We show that ORRP achieves connectivity with high probability even in sparse networks with voids. ORRP scales well without imposing DHT-like graph structures (eg: trees, rings, torus etc). The total state information required is O(N 3/2 ) for N-node networks, and the state is uniformly distributed. ORRP does not resort to flooding either in route discovery or dissemination. The price paid by ORRP is suboptimality in terms of path stretch compared to the shortest path; however we characterize the average penalty and find that it is not severe. 1

Routing in Optical Mesh Networks - A QoS Perspective

“…ORRP is a scalable routing protocol utilizing directional communications such as directional or free-space-optical transceivers to relax information requirements such as coordinate space embedding and node localization. The ORRP source and ORRP destination send route discovery and route dissemination packets respectively in locallychosen orthogonal directions [18] and do not resort to flooding during the discovery of a route. The protocol did not consider the QoS metrics.…”

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“…In [13], scalability to the number of mesh nodes is improved with the use of location information; however, this kind of information is typically not available in our target scenario where the mobile nodes in the mesh network are commodity laptops or hand-held devices.…”

A Contact-based Hybrid Routing Strategy for Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocol Design and Applications

“…Most recently, Ref. [4] presented an interesting approach called the orthogonal rendezvous routing protocol (ORRP). In this routing scheme, each node maintains the routing entries of nodes along orthogonal lines, and an RREQ message is forwarded along the lines until it finds an intersection with the line from the destination node.…”