Osteomyelitis of Maxilla in Infantile Osteopetrosis: A Case Report with Review of Literature

Abstract

Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder that causes generalized sclerosis of bone due to a defect in bone resorption and remodeling. It is usually manifesting in two basic forms: An autosomal dominant benign form (osteopetrosis tarda) and an autosomal recessive malignant form (osteopetrosis congenita). A third form, the intermediate recessive type, has also been reported. Dental abnormality may be attributed to pathological changes in bone remodeling. Osteomyelitis is well documented as a complication of osteopetrosis and is severe and difficult to treat. This is a case of 8-year-old boy with osteopetrosis presenting with the complaint of swelling of left side of face.

Osteomyelitis of the maxilla in a patient with Malignant Infantile Osteopetrosis

“…Surgical resection should be planned with caution as osteopetrotic bone has less capacity to heal 12 and these children are at risk of adverse respiratory events and increased perioperative morbidity and mortality as anesthetic complications. 13,14 Surgical treatment is indicated in cases of chronic osteomyelitis since the strict use of antibiotics will not reach the affected area due to compromised blood perfusion. 15 The surgical procedure can vary from a simple curettage to complete bone resection, but patients treated with resection showed better results in long term and remained asymptomatic for long periods.…”

Surgical-orthodontic treatment for severe malocclusion in a patient with osteopetrosis and bilateral cleft lip and palate:

“…13 Therefore, the only treatment guideline that has been reported suggests that supportive therapy should be performed, without active treatment. 15 However, because dentofacial deformities or malocclusions may cause several social and psychological problems, active treatment may sometimes be essential for improving a patient's quality of life. This is the first report to describe the protocol of surgical-orthodontic treatment for severe skeletal malocclusion in a patient with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis.…”

Diagnosis behind the swelling of face in a 10-year-old child: A case report

“…[5] Osteomyelitis secondary to odontogenic infection is a common complication in infantile malignant osteopetrosis due to abnormal blood circulation. [1] Infants with malignant osteopetrosis also suff er from recurrent infections as a result of defect in macrophage function. [2] …”

“…[1] Osteopetrosis shows a vast spectrum of clinical, physiologic, and genotypic expressions. [2] Case Report A 10-year-old girl presented to the Department of Pedodontics with Preventive Dentistry with the chief complaint of painful swelling on the left side of face since 1 week [ Figure 1].…”