“…The ESR values of healthy individuals usually fluctuate within a relatively narrow range. However, the ESR is pathologically increased in patients with various inflammatory diseases, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, tissue damage or necrosis, malignant tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic nephritis, liver cirrhosis, multiple myeloma, giant cell arteritis, anemia, and even coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) ( 1 , 10 - 12 ). The ICSH recommends the Westergren method as the reference method for ESR detection, but it is time-consuming, requires a large amount of blood, is not easy to perform on a large scale, and has certain safety risks ( 13 ).…”