Out of Africa and into an ice age: on the role of global climate change in the late Pleistocene migration of early modern humans out of Africa

Carto, Shannon L.; Weaver, Andrew J.; Hetherington, Renée; Lam, Y. M.; Wiebe, Edward C.

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.09.004

Cited by 125 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…2). Links between the strength of AMOC and millennial scale arid events have been observed in a sedimentary record from offshore Mauritania (12), whereas slowdowns of AMOC are observed to trigger droughts in the Sahel during Heinrich events (15,21). Interestingly, our data suggest that the strength of AMOC is a dominant influence on hydrological conditions in the Sahara/ Sahel over longer time scales (Fig.…”

Section: Causal Mechanisms For Vegetation Change and Hydrological Varsupporting

confidence: 62%

Wet phases in the Sahara/Sahel region and human migration patterns in North Africa

Castañeda

Mulitza

Schefuß

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Section: Causal Mechanisms For Vegetation Change and Hydrological Varsupporting

confidence: 62%

Wet phases in the Sahara/Sahel region and human migration patterns in North Africa

Castañeda

Mulitza

Schefuß

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

270

178

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“…Between these two domains, changes in water availability in the Levant, which might have influenced the migration of early modern humans out of Africa and the Pleistocene-Holocene cultural dynamics of Eurasia (BarYosef, 1998;Vaks et al, 2007;Shea, 2008;Carto et al, 2009;Frumkin et al, 2011), have been the focus of outstanding climatic-hydrological studies (see the reviews of Robinson et al, 2006;Waldmann et al, 2010;Frumkin et al, 2011, and references therein). The best records come from U/Th-dated stable isotope profiles of Israeli speleothems and reconstructed lake-level fluctuations in the Dead-Sea basin (DSB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological variability in the Northern Levant: a 250 ka multi-proxy record from the Yammoûneh (Lebanon) sedimentary sequence

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The Levant is a key region in terms of both long-term hydroclimate dynamics and human cultural evolution. Our understanding of the regional response to glacialinterglacial boundary conditions is limited by uncertainties in proxy-data interpretation and the lack of long-term records from different geographical settings.The present paper provides a 250 ka paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on a multi-proxy approach from northern Levant, derived from a 36 m lacustrine-palustrine sequence cored in the small intra-mountainous karstic Yammoûneh basin from northern Lebanon. We combined time series of sediment properties, paleovegetation, and carbonate oxygen isotopes (δ c ), to yield a comprehensive view of paleohydrologic-paleoclimatic fluctuations in the basin over the two last glacial-interglacial cycles. Integration of all available proxies shows that Interglacial maxima (early-mid MIS 7, MIS 5.5 and early MIS 1) experienced relatively high effective moisture, evidenced by the dominance of forested landscapes (although with different forest types) associated with authigenic carbonate sedimentation in a productive waterbody. Synchronous and steep δ c increases can be reconciled with enhanced mean annual moisture when changes in seasonality are taken into account. During Glacials periods (MIS 2 and MIS 6), open vegetation tends to replace the forests, favouring local erosion and detrital sedimentation.

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“…Modern Homo sapiens evolved about 200,000 years ago and left Africa about 100,000 years ago (Carto et al 2009). The paths of early humans were influenced by various rapid climate change events that took place at the end of Era 3 and the start of Era 2 of Fig.…”

Section: Earth's Climate Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth’s Climate System

et al. 2017

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This chapter provides an overview of the factors that influence Earth's climate. The relation between reconstructions of global mean surface temperature and estimates of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) over the past 500 million years is first described. Vast variations in climate on geologic time scales, driven by natural fluctuations of CO 2 , are readily apparent. We then shift attention to the time period 1765 to present, known as the Anthropocene, during which human activity has strongly influenced atmospheric CO 2 , other greenhouse gases (GHGs), and Earth's climate. Two mathematical concepts essential for quantitative understanding of climate change, radiative forcing and global warming potential, are described. Next, fingerprints of the impact of human activity on rising temperature and the abundance of various GHGs over the course of the Anthropocene are presented. We conclude by showing Earth is in the midst of a remarkable transformation. In the past, radiative forcing of climate represented a balance between warming due to rising GHGs and cooling due to the presence of suspended particles (aerosols) in the troposphere. There presently exists considerable uncertainty in the actual magnitude of radiative forcing of climate due to tropospheric aerosols, which has important consequences for our understanding of the climate system. In the future, climate will be driven mainly by GHG warming because aerosol precursors are being effectively removed from pollution sources, due to air quality legislation enacted in response to public health concerns.

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Out of Africa and into an ice age: on the role of global climate change in the late Pleistocene migration of early modern humans out of Africa

Cited by 125 publications

References 76 publications

Wet phases in the Sahara/Sahel region and human migration patterns in North Africa

Wet phases in the Sahara/Sahel region and human migration patterns in North Africa

Hydrological variability in the Northern Levant: a 250 ka multi-proxy record from the Yammoûneh (Lebanon) sedimentary sequence

Earth’s Climate System

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