Out of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and rapid radiation across Eurasia for Allium section Daghestanica (Amaryllidaceae)

Abstract

The disjunctive distribution (Europe-Caucasus-Asia) and species diversification across Eurasia for the genus Allium sect. Daghestanica has fascinating attractions for researchers aiming to understanding the development and history of the modern Eurasia flora. However, no any studies have been carried out to address the evolutionary history of this section. Based on the nrITS and cpDNA fragments (trnL-trnF and rpl32-trnL), the evolutionary history of the third evolutionary line (EL3) of the genus Allium was reconstructed and we further elucidate the evolutionary line of sect. Daghestanica under this background. Our molecular phylogeny recovered two highly supported clades in sect. Daghestanica: the Clade I includes Caucasian-European species and Asian A. maowenense, A. xinlongense and A. carolinianum collected in Qinghai; the Clade II comprises Asian yellowish tepal species, A. chrysanthum, A. chrysocephalum, A. herderianum, A. rude and A. xichuanense. The divergence time estimation and biogeography inference indicated that Asian ancestor located in the QTP and the adjacent region could have migrated to Caucasus and Europe distributions around the Late Miocene and resulted in further divergence and speciation; Asian ancestor underwent the rapid radiation in the QTP and the adjacent region most likely due to the heterogeneous ecology of the QTP resulted from the orogeneses around 4–3 Mya. Our study provides a picture to understand the origin and species diversification across Eurasia for sect. Daghestanica.

Population and Landscape Genetics Provide Insights Into Species Conservation of Two Evergreen Oaks in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and Adjacent Regions

“…For example, Gentiana L. diversified initially on the QTP, then dispersed to eastern China, Europe, and other areas ( Favre et al, 2016 ). Similar patterns have been reported in Allium L. Li M. J. et al (2021) , Lagotis Gaertn. Li et al (2014) , Rhodiola L. Zhang et al (2014) , and Picea A. Dietrich Lockwood et al (2013) (see summary in Table 1 and reference in Qiu et al, 2011 ; Liu et al, 2012 ).…”

Allium sulaimanicum: A new Allium species and section from Pakistan

“…It should be noted that species of Allium sect. Daghestanica are distributed in three isolated areas: Europe, Caucasus, and China ( Xie et al., 2019 ; Friesen et al., 2020b ; Li et al., 2021 ). A. sulaimanicum is located in the large gap between Caucasian and Chinese localities.…”

“…Dagestanica have yellowish colour (see photos of all Chinese species of Allium sect. Daghestanica in Xie et al., 2019 ; Li et al., 2021 ). A. sulaimanicum was rarely detected hitherto, and we would like to encourage the scientific community to look for this new species whose morphological variation and ecological preferences remain insufficiently known yet.…”

Allium ducissae (A. subgen. Polyprason, Amaryllidaceae) a New Species from the Central Apennines (Italy)

“…The internal transcribed spacers (ITS; i.e., ITS1, ITS2 plus 5.8S gene) from nuclear DNA (nrDNA) and three intergenic spacers (IGS) ( trn L (UAA) - trn F (GAA) , trn Q (UUG) - rps 16, and rp L32- trn L (UAG) ) from plastid DNA (cpDNA) were selected for molecular systematic analyses, being already employed in Allium phylogenies and taxonomy with special attention to A. sect. Daghestanica (e.g., [ 4 , 5 , 25 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]).…”