Outdoor Time Is Associated with Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth

Schaefer, Lee; Plotnikoff, Ronald C.; Majumdar, Sumit R.; Mollard, Rebecca C.; Woo, Meaghan; Sadman, Rashik; Rinaldi, Randi Lynn; Boulé, Normand G.; Torrance, Brian; Ball, Geoff D.C.; Veugelers, Paul J.; Wozny, Paul; McCargar, Linda J.; Downs, Shauna; Lewanczuk, Richard; Gleddie, Doug; McGavock, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.05.029

Cited by 70 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Consistent with previous work, we saw that greater outdoor time was associated with lower SED [39]; however, we also saw that greater outdoor time (before school, after school, and on weekends) was associated with a higher ST score. To explain this relationship, we ran the final model for ST score, adjusting for accelerometer measured moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, and then again adjusting for SED, but the association remained significant in both instances.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Correlates of Total Sedentary Time and Screen Time in 9–11 Year-Old Children around the World: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment

et al. 2015

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PurposePreviously, studies examining correlates of sedentary behavior have been limited by small sample size, restricted geographic area, and little socio-cultural variability. Further, few studies have examined correlates of total sedentary time (SED) and screen time (ST) in the same population. This study aimed to investigate correlates of SED and ST in children around the world.MethodsThe sample included 5,844 children (45.6% boys, mean age = 10.4 years) from study sites in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Finland, India, Kenya, Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Child- and parent-reported behavioral, household, and neighborhood characteristics and directly measured anthropometric and accelerometer data were obtained. Twenty-one potential correlates of SED and ST were examined using multilevel models, adjusting for sex, age, and highest parental education, with school and study site as random effects. Variables that were moderately associated with SED and/or ST in univariate analyses (p<0.10) were included in the final models. Variables that remained significant in the final models (p<0.05) were considered correlates of SED and/or ST.ResultsChildren averaged 8.6 hours of daily SED, and 54.2% of children failed to meet ST guidelines. In all study sites, boys reported higher ST, were less likely to meet ST guidelines, and had higher BMI z-scores than girls. In 9 of 12 sites, girls engaged in significantly more SED than boys. Common correlates of higher SED and ST included poor weight status, not meeting physical activity guidelines, and having a TV or a computer in the bedroom.ConclusionsIn this global sample many common correlates of SED and ST were identified, some of which are easily modifiable (e.g., removing TV from the bedroom), and others that may require more intense behavioral interventions (e.g., increasing physical activity). Future work should incorporate these findings into the development of culturally meaningful public health messages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Correlates of Total Sedentary Time and Screen Time in 9–11 Year-Old Children around the World: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment

et al. 2015

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“…The duration and intensity of active play changes as children develop. Research indicates that children are more physically active when playing outdoors [11][12][13][14]. A recent systematic review examining the relationship between outdoor play, physical activity, and sedentary behavior found positive effects of time spent outdoors on physical activity and fitness outcomes [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Physical Activity: The Importance of Play and Nature-Based Play Spaces for Children’s Health and Development

2015

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The reduction of child obesity continues to be a challenge worldwide. Research indicates that playing outdoors, particularly in natural play spaces, boosts children's physical activity, potentially decreasing childhood obesity. We present evidence that natural play spaces also provide for more diverse forms of play for children of varying ages and competencies. This is crucial because play spaces designed expressly for physical activity may not increase physical activity among less active children. Moreover, when researchers only examine physical activity in play, they overlook the valuable contributions that play makes to other aspects of children's health and development. To enhance research on children and their play environments, we introduce the theory of play affordances. To assist in the creation of more natural play spaces, we describe the Seven Cs, an evidencebased approach for designing children's play spaces that promotes diverse play. We end with some preliminary insights from our current research using the Seven Cs to illustrate the connections between play, nature, and children's healthy development.

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“…Time spent outdoors (TSO) is an important determinant of children's physical activity (Cleland et al, 2008;Sallis et al, 1993;Sallis et al, 2000;Schaefer et al, 2014;. TSO is often considered a potential surrogate measure of children's physical activity (Burdette et al, 2004) and can be critical for achieving the minimum of 60 minutes of moderateto-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily for youth, recommended by the World Health Organization (2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are children living on dead-end streets more active? Near-home street patterns and school-going children's time spent outdoors in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Monsur

Mansur

Islam

2017

Preventive Medicine

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Outdoor Time Is Associated with Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth

Cited by 70 publications

References 32 publications

Correlates of Total Sedentary Time and Screen Time in 9–11 Year-Old Children around the World: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment

Correlates of Total Sedentary Time and Screen Time in 9–11 Year-Old Children around the World: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment

Beyond Physical Activity: The Importance of Play and Nature-Based Play Spaces for Children’s Health and Development

Are children living on dead-end streets more active? Near-home street patterns and school-going children's time spent outdoors in Dhaka, Bangladesh

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