Overview of Existing Waste Processing Techniques in Small Islands of Pulo Aceh, Seribu, Karimunjawa and Wakatobi

Abstract

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with more than 17,000 islands scattered across the country. Unique ecosystems, such as mangrove and coral reefs that have a very important ecological function, can be found in coastal area along with highly diverse species. Coastal area is also place for many major cities, while small islands became tourist destination. Human activities in these areas have generated pressure to the coastal resources and environment sustainability, (e.g.: the emerging unmanaged waste in major cities and tourist destination, which leaked to the ocean, then drifted, dispersed, and stranded in other shores). This study aims to identify various waste management practices in selected sites of small islands (e.g.: Pulo Aceh, Seribu, Karimunjawa, Wakatobi), where they have limited resources to managed waste. The result indicated that waste management practices in each place are vary, adjusted with their specific condition (e.g.: total population, daily waste generation, and availability of waste processing technology). Local community have adopted number of techniques to manage domestic waste, as well as stranded marine debris in their island. Based on the field observation, the key success factors of waste management in small islands will depend on the involvement of local community, good collaboration among stakeholders, also output of waste processing practice should bring direct and indirect benefit for the society, low-cost, and eco-friendly.

Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga Pemukiman Atas Rawa dengan Metode Eco-enzyme dan Eco-brick pada Kelompok Ibu PKK

“…Polusi plastik menjadi salah satu isu lingkungan global saat ini. Indonesia menjadi negara terbesar kedua penghasil sampah plastik di dunia setelah negara China (Rahmania et al, 2021;Sakinah et al, 2022). Tahun 2019, jumlah sampah plastik di Indonesia mencapai 9,52 juta ton (Satrivi & Purnama, 2021) dan jumlah ini akan terus bertambah setiap tahunnya seiring pertambahan populasi dan pergeseran konsumtif masyarakat ke arah produk plastik.…”

An overview of the circular economy activity for small island wastes and marine debris

“…Very comprehensive management has already been implemented according to Indonesia's Regulation [3,6]. The 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) processes are implemented according to the regulations, with activities including composting, urban farming, eco-brick, waste bank, waste separation from houses, bioconversion using maggot, recycled handicrafts, and transporting waste residues to the terminal landfill (TPA) in Bantar Gebang (Bekasi, Jawa Barat) by vessels.…”

“…West and east monsoons generally carry plastic wastes from surface currents or hydrodynamic seawater movement [15]. Although research activities have been done in 2019, the circular economy regarding household waste was very limited in Wakatobi [6].…”

“…Indonesia as an archipelagic nation faces different perspectives in dealing with household waste, especially in small islands. Indonesia comprises 17,495 islands, 99,903 km of coastlines, and 77% seawater area [6]. In the big island, where the final waste dumping area distance from the city center is a minimum of 25 km, the waste stockpile cannot be perceived quickly.…”

“…This main problem for managing household waste should become the main consideration. Several regencies with a wealthy fiscal budget make reclamation on the small island to build a temporary dumping area (Indonesia: TPS, tempat pembuangan sementara) [3,6]. However, most small island regencies in Indonesia have a very tight fiscal budget to make that infrastructure.…”