For the first time, the processes controlling the variations of mixed layer temperature (MLT) and salinity (MLS) in the Banda Sea are quantified using data from a single Argo float in combination with satellite and reanalysis outputs from August 2017 to August 2019. This augments previous studies that utilized ocean model data only. We document the presence of a barrier layer and quantify the roles of air-sea heat and mass exchanges, horizontal advection, and vertical entrainment in the seasonal variability of MLT and MLS. We find that heat gains and losses at the air-sea interface are the main contributor to the warming and cooling of the MLT. Seasonal changes in MLS are driven by advection of low salinity water rather than freshwater fluxes from precipitation and evaporation. This is particularly the case during the late northwest and monsoon transition period from February to April when low salinity is advected eastward from the Java Sea into the Banda Sea.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with more than 17,000 islands scattered across the country. Unique ecosystems, such as mangrove and coral reefs that have a very important ecological function, can be found in coastal area along with highly diverse species. Coastal area is also place for many major cities, while small islands became tourist destination. Human activities in these areas have generated pressure to the coastal resources and environment sustainability, (e.g.: the emerging unmanaged waste in major cities and tourist destination, which leaked to the ocean, then drifted, dispersed, and stranded in other shores). This study aims to identify various waste management practices in selected sites of small islands (e.g.: Pulo Aceh, Seribu, Karimunjawa, Wakatobi), where they have limited resources to managed waste. The result indicated that waste management practices in each place are vary, adjusted with their specific condition (e.g.: total population, daily waste generation, and availability of waste processing technology). Local community have adopted number of techniques to manage domestic waste, as well as stranded marine debris in their island. Based on the field observation, the key success factors of waste management in small islands will depend on the involvement of local community, good collaboration among stakeholders, also output of waste processing practice should bring direct and indirect benefit for the society, low-cost, and eco-friendly.

The frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs) events has been rising globally in recent years, and this trend is expected to continue in the region off the coast of south Java Island. These oceanic extreme events may have the potential to devastate marine habitats, ecosystems and fisheries. This paper characterized MHWs off south Java from 1982 to 2019 using satellite-observed sea surface temperature. The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of MHWs in one of Indonesia's most important fisheries hotspots, located in the southeast of the tropical Indian Ocean. We have identified two strong MHWs events in 1998 and 2016, both of which started in the austral winter months. Both events were lasted through the spring before dissipating in the early austral winter. These intense MHWs were likely related to a strong El Niño and decreased monsoon activity.

ABSTRAKPerairan pesisir pulau Wangi-wangi di kabupaten Wakatobi, Sulawesi Tenggara telah mengalami tekanan aktifitas manusia (antropogenik) sejak menjadi kabupaten baru tahun 2003. Tekanan antropogenik diukur menggunakan parameter kualitas air (suhu dan oksigen terlarut). Tujuan riset ini adalah menganalisis pemanfaatan data pemonitoran waktu serial dan pemanfaatannya untuk perencanaan zonasi perairan, yang dikaitkan dengan data parameter kualitas air. Dinamika perairan pesisir telah terjadi pada musim angin timur dan barat, pada kedalaman 5 meter dan 25 meter. Hasil menunjukkan kegunaan data waktu serial untuk dinamika zonasi perairan pesisir. Bagian timur dan utara perairan direkomendasikan untuk zona konservasi, sementara zona pemanfaatan lainnya dialokasikan buat sub-zona perikanan berkelanjutan (rumput laut) Kata kunci: zona, data waktu serial, parameter kualitas air, oksigen terlarut ABSTRACT The coastal waters of Wangi-wangi Island in Wakatobi regency, Sulawesi Tenggara province had been under high anthropogenic pressure since 2003. Anthropogenic pressure measured by water quality parameters (temperature and dissolved oxygen). The aim of this research was to study utilization of time series data monitoring in coastal waters (related to water quality data) for marine spatial planning. Coastal water dynamics was happened on west and east monsoon in 5m and 25m depth. Hypoxic and anoxic conditions were happened in 25m depth. Result shows useability of time series data for dynamic coastal water spatial/zone planning. Western and southern coastal water zones were recommended for economic activity. Eastern and northern coastal water zones were recommended for conservation zone while other utilization zone has been allocated for sustainable fishing sub-zone.

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