Overview of the international project on biogenic aerosol formation in the boreal forest (BIOFOR)

KULMALA, M.; Hämeri, Kaarle; Aalto, Pasi; MÄKELÄ, J. M.; Pirjola, Liisa; Nilsson, E. Douglas; Buzorius, G.; Rannik, Üllar; Maso, Miikka Dal; SEIDL, W.; HOFFMAN, T.; JANSON, R.; Hansson, Hans‐Christen; Viisanen, Y.; LAAKSONEN, A.; O’Dowd, Colin

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.2001.d01-24.x

Cited by 221 publications

(276 citation statements)

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“…[38] New particles were formed by ternary nucleation mechanism since it is believed to be the most probable nucleation mechanism in Hyytiälä [Kulmala et al, 2001a]. The nucleation rate is very sensitive to the H 2 SO 4 as well as to the NH 3 concentration.…”

Section: Case Study 1: 6 April 1999mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dry mass of particles smaller than 2.5 mm, between 2.5 mm and 10 mm and greater than 10 mm was determined by use of Dekati impactors. The detailed description of the instrumentation is given by Kulmala et al [2001a] and Aalto et al [2001].…”

Section: Biofor3 Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6] The aims of this work are (1) to document the performance of MONO32 by comparing it with the sectional model AEROFOR2 Pirjola and Kulmala, 2001], and (2) to verify MONO32 against measurements available from the Biogenic Aerosol Formation in the Boreal Forest 3 (BIOFOR3) campaign [Kulmala et al, 2001a].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A monodisperse aerosol dynamics module, a promising candidate for use in long‐range transport models: Box model tests

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[1] Air quality models used as a scientific basis for air pollution strategy development need physically sound and computationally efficient schemes to describe aerosol formation, interaction, and evolution. In this work, we present and evaluate an aerosol dynamics module MONO32, which is designed for use in regional air pollution models. The module presents aerosol size distribution with four monodisperse modes and characterizes aerosol chemical composition with seven components, so 32 prognostic equations are needed to describe particle mass and number concentration. MONO32 accounts for nucleation, condensation, and coagulation processes. Two different time integration schemes, a FORTRAN NAG-library routine and a two-step scheme, were tested. Both integration methods showed the same accuracy in calculating particle number and size evolution, while the two-step scheme was computationally much more efficient. A mode-merging method was implemented in MONO32 to account for the transfer of aerosol mass and number to a larger mode as particles grow by condensation and coagulation. MONO32 compared reasonably well with the sectional model AEROFOR2 with 54 sections; for example, difference in the total number concentration after 24-hour simulation was less than 15-25%. MONO32 was also verified against measurements available from the Biogenic Aerosol Formation in the Boreal Forest 3 (BIOFOR3) campaign. Two typical nucleation episodes were chosen for testing, and by using the nucleation rate and the condensable vapor source rate calculated from the measurements, MONO32 was able to predict the evolution of the total number concentration and the growth rate of the nucleation mode quantitatively in good agreement with the observations. Deviations in the resulting nucleation mode diameter were 11-16%. However, the results appeared to be quite sensitive to the hygroscopic properties of the condensable organic vapor. MONO32 showed an acceptable accuracy for long-range transport modeling in describing aerosol dynamics while being computationally efficient. Therefore it is recommended for implementation and further testing in the regional threedimensional Eulerian model.

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Section: Case Study 1: 6 April 1999mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biofor3 Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A monodisperse aerosol dynamics module, a promising candidate for use in long‐range transport models: Box model tests

et al. 2003

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“…Temperatures at 1 m, 0 m and at 1m depth within the soil were from measurements at the SMEAR II station in Hyytiälä. A detailed description of the station and instrumentation can be found in Kulmala et al, 2001 and under http://www.honeybee.helsinki.fi/smear/. The initial gas concentrations of most species -especially the organic reaction products -were set to zero during the night at the start of the model run (see Table 1).…”

Section: Model Initialisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

MALTE – model to predict new aerosol formation in the lower troposphere

et al. 2006

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Abstract. The manuscript presents a detailed description of the meteorological and chemical code of Malte -a model to predict new aerosol formation in the lower troposphere. The aerosol dynamics are achieved by the new developed UHMA (University of Helsinki Multicomponent Aerosol Model) code with kinetic limited nucleation as responsible mechanism to form new clusters. First results indicate that the model is able to predict the on-and offset of new particle formation as well as the total aerosol number concentrations that were in good agreement with the observations. Further, comparison of predicted and measured H 2 SO 4 concentrations showed a satisfactory agreement. The simulation results indicated that at a certain transitional particle diameter (2-7 nm), organic molecules can begin to contribute significantly to the growth rate compared to sulphuric acid. At even larger particle sizes, organic molecules can dominate the growth rate on days with significant monoterpene concentrations. The intraday vertical evolution of newly formed clusters and particles in two different size ranges resulted in two maxima at the ground. These particles grow around noon to the detectable size range and agree well with measured vertical profiles.

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“…Kulmala et al, 2001). The compositions of growing particles in a forested environment such as this are expected to be different to those in urban environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and composition measurements of background aerosol and new particle growth in a Finnish forest during QUEST 2 using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

et al. 2006

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Abstract. The study of the growth of nucleation-mode particles is important, as this prevents their loss through diffusion and allows them to reach sizes where they may become effective cloud condensation nuclei. Hyytiälä, a forested site in southern Finland, frequently experiences particle nucleation events during the spring and autumn, where particles first appear during the morning and continue to grow for several hours afterwards. As part of the QUEST 2 intensive field campaign during March and April 2003, an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) was deployed alongside other aerosol instrumentation to study the particulate composition and dynamics of growth events and characterise the background aerosol. Despite the small mass concentrations, the AMS was able to distinguish the grown particles in the <100 nm regime several hours after an event and confirm that the particles were principally organic in composition. The AMS was also able to derive a mass spectral fingerprint for the organic species present, and found that it was consistent between events and independent of the mean particle diameter during non-polluted cases, implying the same species were also condensing onto the accumulation mode. The results were compared with those from offline analyses such as GC-MS and were consistent with the hypothesis that the main components were alkanes from plant waxes and the oxidation products of terpenes.Correspondence to:

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Overview of the international project on biogenic aerosol formation in the boreal forest (BIOFOR)

Cited by 221 publications

References 0 publications

A monodisperse aerosol dynamics module, a promising candidate for use in long‐range transport models: Box model tests

A monodisperse aerosol dynamics module, a promising candidate for use in long‐range transport models: Box model tests

MALTE – model to predict new aerosol formation in the lower troposphere

Size and composition measurements of background aerosol and new particle growth in a Finnish forest during QUEST 2 using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

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