Overview on the Role of Advance Genomics in Conservation Biology of Endangered Species

Abstract

In the recent era, due to tremendous advancement in industrialization, pollution and other anthropogenic activities have created a serious scenario for biota survival. It has been reported that present biota is entering a “sixth” mass extinction, because of chronic exposure to anthropogenic activities. Various ex situ and in situ measures have been adopted for conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animal species; however, these have been limited due to various discrepancies associated with them. Current advancement in molecular technologies, especially, genomics, is playing a very crucial role in biodiversity conservation. Advance genomics helps in identifying the segments of genome responsible for adaptation. It can also improve our understanding about microevolution through a better understanding of selection, mutation, assertive matting, and recombination. Advance genomics helps in identifying genes that are essential for fitness and ultimately for developing modern and fast monitoring tools for endangered biodiversity. This review article focuses on the applications of advanced genomics mainly demographic, adaptive genetic variations, inbreeding, hybridization and introgression, and disease susceptibilities, in the conservation of threatened biota. In short, it provides the fundamentals for novice readers and advancement in genomics for the experts working for the conservation of endangered plant and animal species.

Genomic and transcriptomic approaches toward plant selection

“…Advanced genomics permits us to recognize the fragments of the genome responsible for a trait (Khan et al, 2016). It can enhance our understanding of microevolution and family relations among crops through a better understanding of natural selection, mutation, and recombination.…”

Potential of genomic approaches in conservation of plant and animal biodiversity in Africa: A review

“…It is concerned with the study of genomes and their interaction with the environment (Ekblom and Wolf, 2014;Reportlinker, 2013). Roderick (1986) defined the term genomics as a science discipline which refers to the mapping, sequencing, as well as analysis of the genome (Khan, 2016;Xu, 2012). A genome is whole set of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) within a single cell of an organism, or a complete set of chromosomes that decides an organism (Renaut et al 2012; Khan et al 2016).…”

“…Roderick (1986) defined the term genomics as a science discipline which refers to the mapping, sequencing, as well as analysis of the genome (Khan, 2016;Xu, 2012). A genome is whole set of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) within a single cell of an organism, or a complete set of chromosomes that decides an organism (Renaut et al 2012; Khan et al 2016). Genetic data generated from genomics study can help researchers and ecologists understand the interaction between ecosystem and organisms (Funk et al 2012).…”

“…3. Current individuals' DNA or historic DNA is used by these tools to analyse genetic variation in species or population (Khan et al 2016). …”

“…They can solve biodiversity conservation and restoration difficulties using genomic techniques ). Moreover, they can also influence conservation policy and strategies (Khan et al 2016). …”