Overweight Postmenopausal Women Lose Bone With Moderate Weight Reduction and 1 g/day Calcium Intake

Riedt, Claudia S; Cifuentes, Mariana; Stahl, Theodore; Chowdhury, Hasina Akhter; Schlussel, Yvette; Shapses, Sue A.

doi:10.1359/jbmr.041132

Cited by 157 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…In addition, we examined whether dietary Ca intake during weight loss was associated with bone turnover and BPb levels. Understanding how weight reduction affects Pb levels is important in light of the high prevalence of dieting and findings that caloric restriction increases bone turnover in susceptible populations (i.e., postmenopausal women or after surgical weight loss; Ricci et al, 2001;Riedt et al, 2005Riedt et al, , 2006. We found that after severe, but not moderate weight loss, BPb levels increase compared to baseline, but are still o13 mg/dl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Weight-stable (no change in body weight in past 3 months) women who had been recruited for weight loss and weight maintenance studies within our laboratory from 2002 to 2005 (Riedt et al, 2005(Riedt et al, , 2006(Riedt et al, , 2007. Over a period of 6 months, overweight and moderately obese participants were counseled by a registered dietitian to either maintain their weight (WM group) or to lose a moderate amount of weight (M-WL) using moderate energy restriction of 1200 to 1500 kcal/day and behavior modification.…”

Section: Subjects and Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that weight reduction would result in bone mobilization and release of Pb into circulation. Understanding how weight reduction affects Pb levels is important in light of the high prevalence of dieting and the increased bone turnover in susceptible populations (i.e., postmenopausal women or in women after surgical weight loss; Ricci et al, 2001;Riedt et al, 2005Riedt et al, , 2006. In addition, since a lower level of dietary Ca intake or higher age during weight reduction can exacerbate bone mobilization (Ricci et al, 1998;Jensen et al, 2001), the influence of these variables on Pb release from bone was also addressed in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood lead levels and bone turnover with weight reduction in women

Riedt

Buckley

Brolin

et al. 2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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High bone turnover states are known to raise blood lead levels (BPb). Caloric restriction will increase bone turnover, yet it remains unknown if weight reduction increases BPb due to mobilization of skeletal stores. We measured whole blood Pb levels ( 206 Pb) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 73 women (age 24-75 years; BMI 23-61 kg/m 2 ) before and after 6 months of severe weight loss (S-WL), moderate weight loss (M-WL), or weight maintenance (WM). Baseline BPb levels were relatively low at 0.2-6.0 mg/dl, and directly associated with age (r ¼ 0.49, Po0.0001). After severe WL (À37.4 ± 9.3 kg, n ¼ 17), BPb increased by 2.1 ± 3.9 mg/dl (Po0.05), resulting in BPb levels of 1.3-12.5 mg/dl. M-WL (À5.6 ± 2.7 kg, n ¼ 39) and WM (0.3±1.3 kg, n ¼ 17) did not result in an increase in BPb levels (0.5±3.2 and 0.0±0.7 mg/dl, M-WL and WM, respectively). BPb levels increased more with greater WL (r ¼ 0.24, Po0.05). Bone turnover markers increased only with severe WL and were directly correlated with WL. At baseline, higher calcium intake was associated with lower BPb (r ¼ À0.273, Po0.02), however, this association was no longer present after 6 months. Severe weight reduction in obese women increases skeletal bone mobilization and BPb, but values remain well below levels defined as Pb overexposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Subjects and Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood lead levels and bone turnover with weight reduction in women

Riedt

Buckley

Brolin

et al. 2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The effect of weight loss on bone mineral remains controversial. Although weight loss in postmenopausal women apparently results in loss of bone mass (Avenell et al, 1994;Ricci et al, 1998Ricci et al, , 2001Riedt et al, 2005;, findings in premenopausal women (Salamone et al, 1999;Fogelholm et al, 2001;Shapses et al, 2001;Park et al, 2007;Riedt et al, 2007) and in middle-aged men (Pritchard et al, 1996; are inconsistent. The discrepant results may be explained, in part, by differences in skeletal site examined, baseline body weight, rate or magnitude of weight loss, calcium or protein intake, physical activity and duration of post-weight loss follow-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, even moderate weight reduction (B10%) in overweight or obese individuals both decreases bone mineral density (BMD) (Avenell et al, 1994;Pritchard et al, 1996;Ricci et al, 1998Ricci et al, , 2001Van Loan et al, 1998;Fogelholm et al, 2001;Jensen et al, 2001;Riedt et al, 2005;Villareal et al, , 2008 and accelerates bone turnover, as assessed by serum biomarkers of bone formation and resorption (Ricci et al, 1998Salamone et al, 1999;Holecki et al, 2007). Although these relatively short-term weight loss intervention studies, which are typically 3-6-month long, have demonstrated significant reductions in total body or regional BMD, long-term consequences of weight loss on bone mass, bone turnover and subsequent fracture remain relatively unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total body bone mineral content and density during weight loss and maintenance on a low- or recommended-dairy weight-maintenance diet in obese men and women

et al. 2010

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Background: Diets high in either dairy or calcium during moderate weight reduction both prevent loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and suppress bone turnover. The purpose of this study was to determine whether recommended dairy and calcium intakes during weight maintenance favorably affect total body BMD (TBBMD) and bone mineral content (TBBMC) in obese adults. Methods: Obese men (n ¼ 49) and women (n ¼ 64), aged 40.8 ± 0.6 years, underwent 12 weeks of moderate energy restriction (B1200 kcal/day) followed by 24 weeks on either a low or recommended dairy weight maintenance diet. The TBBMC and TBBMD values were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 weeks. Concentrations of calcium, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25OH and 1,25 (OH) 2 vitamin D in plasma were also measured. Data were analyzed using a two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: After weight loss, women exhibited a small, but statistically significant, increase in TBBMC (1.17±0.57%), whereas TBBMD increased in the men (1.34 ± 0.28%). The iPTH concentration decreased significantly in all subjects. Despite significantly greater intakes of calcium, vitamin D and protein compared with the recommended dairy diet, there were no treatment-related differences in outcome variables after 24 weeks of weight maintenance. The TBBMC remained unchanged in women during weight stabilization; both TBBMC and TBBMD decreased in men (À1.59±0.51% and À0.70±0.25%, respectively). Conclusions: In summary, results of this study do not provide convincing evidence that moderate weight loss through energy restriction and mild exercise reduces TBBMC in obese men and women. Similarly, a weight-maintenance diet providing the recommended daily servings of dairy does not seem to affect changes in BMC after weight loss.

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Bone Mineral Density Response to Caloric Restriction–Induced Weight Loss or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss

Villareal

Fontana²,

Weiss³

et al. 2006

Arch Intern Med

273

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Background: Bone loss often accompanies weight loss induced by caloric restriction (CR), but whether bone loss accompanies similar weight loss induced by exercise (EX) is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that EXinduced weight loss is associated with less bone loss compared with CR-induced weight loss. Methods: Forty-eight adults (30 women; 18 men; mean±SD age, 57±3 years; and mean±SD body mass index, 27±2 kg/m 2) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups for 1 year: CR group (n = 19), regular EX group (n=19), or a healthy lifestyle (HL) control group (n = 10). Primary outcome measure was change in hip and spine bone mineral density (BMD). Secondary outcomes were bone markers and hormones. Results: Body weight decreased similarly in the CR and EX groups (10.7% ± 6.3% [−8.2 ± 4.8 kg] vs 8.4%±6.3% [−6.7±5.6 kg]; P = .21), whereas weight did not change in the HL group (−1.2% ± 2.5% [−0.9 ± 2.0 kg]). Compared with the HL group, the CR group had decreases in BMD at the total hip (−2.2% ± 3.1% vs 1.2% ± 2.1%; P=.02) and intertrochanter (−2.1%±3.4% vs 1.7±2.8%; P = .03). The CR group had a decrease in spine BMD (−2.2%±3.3%; P=.009). Despite weight loss, the EX group did not demonstrate a decrease in BMD at any site. Body weight changes correlated with BMD changes in the CR (R=0.61; P =.007) but not in the EX group. Bone turnover increased in both CR and EX groups. Conclusions: CR-induced weight loss, but not EXinduced weight loss, is associated with reductions in BMD at clinically important sites of fracture. These data suggest that EX should be an important component of a weight loss program to offset adverse effects of CR on bone.

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Overweight Postmenopausal Women Lose Bone With Moderate Weight Reduction and 1 g/day Calcium Intake

Cited by 157 publications

References 59 publications

Blood lead levels and bone turnover with weight reduction in women

Blood lead levels and bone turnover with weight reduction in women

Total body bone mineral content and density during weight loss and maintenance on a low- or recommended-dairy weight-maintenance diet in obese men and women

Bone Mineral Density Response to Caloric Restriction–Induced Weight Loss or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss

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