Oviposition by Culicoides Breeding in Salt Marshes

STUDIES ON THE EGGS OF CERTAIN BITING MIDGES (CULICOIDES LATREILLE) OCCURRING IN SCOTLAND.

“…BEFORE the recent investigation of Hill (1947), in which eggs of Culicoides irnpunctatus Goetghebuer, C. obsoletus Meigen, and C. odibilis Austen were studied, the only records of the eggs of British species of Culicoides appear to have been those of Jobling, 1928 (C. vexans Staeger), Steward, 1933 (C. nubeculosus Meigen) and Mayer, 1934 (C. circumscriptus Kieffer). Observations on eggs of various non-British Culicoides were made by Carter, Ingram and Macfie (1920), Patel (1921), Sharp (1928), Dove, Hall and Hull (1932), and Atchley and Hull (1936).…”

“…It seems generally agreed that a blood meal is a necessary preliminary to egg-laying in Culicoides (Patel, 1921 ;Sharp, 1928 ;Dove, Hall and Hull, 1932 ;Atchley and Hull, 1936). Except when obviously gravid a t the time of capture, therefore, females to be used for supplying eggs were allowed to feed, either on the arm of the collector, or, more usually, on the ear of a lop-'Now a t the West African Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna, N. Nigeria.…”

Diel and seasonal activities of Culicoides spp. near Yankeetown, Florida / by Thomas Henry Lillie.

“…Other species, primarily in the genus Culicoides , have been found in rotting cacti (Jones, 1962) , human sewage (Wirth and Bottimer, 1956;Jones, 1959), cocoa pods (Williams, 1964;, dung (Kettle and Lawson, 1952;Neville, 1968) , and on the surface of damp rocks (Dipeolu and Ogunrinade, 1976) . The majority of species are found in typical aquatic habitats such as shallow streams (Jones, 1965;Grogan and Wirth, 1979), tree-holes (Wirth and Jones, 1956;Smith and Varnell, 1967), leaf axils (Means, 1973), and saltraarshes (Atchley and Hull, 1936) The larvae usually remain within the upper 30 mm of the substrate in which they develop and the water is usually shallow (Kettle, 1977).…”

Título en español.

“…Flight range, seasonal incidence, and other aspects of bionomics have been treated by Atchely and Hull, 1936;Bequaert, 1924;Carpenter, 1951;Downes, 1950;Foley and Picout-Laforest, 1923;Fox, 1952b;Fox and Maldonado, 1953;Gerry, 1953;Glick, 1939;Hull, et al, 1934;Kettle, 1951a, Meyers, 1932Nicholas, 1953b, Parker, 1949Roberts, 1950;Sergent, 1922;Shields and Hull, 1943;and Woke, 1954. Control measures against the immature stages include the use of dikes and pumps (Anonymous, 1938(Anonymous, ,1941Dove and Hall, 1934;Hull and Dove, 1935;Hull, et al, , 1943Platts, et al, 1943) and treatment of the soil with insecticides such as DDT, BHC, dieldrin, and others (Anonymous, 1930;Dorsey, 1947;Curran and Goulding, 1950;Fennah, 1945;Gerry, 1950;Goulding, et al, 1953;Hill and Roberts, 1947;Kettle, 1949Kettle, , 1952Labrecque and Goulding, 1954;Labreeque, el-al., 1951;Madden, et al, 1946;Rees andSmith, 1950, 1952;Steward, 1946;Wilson, 1951). Adults in houses are controlled by D D T and other sprays (Anonymous, 1947;…”