Oxidant/Antioxidant Status of Breast Cancer Patients in Pre- and Post-Operative Periods

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of oxidative stress before and after breast cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was tested using a thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay based on the release of a color complex due to TBA reaction with MDA. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was evaluated by enzymatic conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The level of total glutathione (reduced GSH and oxidized GSSG) was detected using a recycling system by 5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The levels of the indices were determined in the serum of 52 patients before surgery, two hours and five days after surgery, and in 42 healthy women. Results: In the patients over 50 years old the level of MDA was higher after surgery in comparison with before surgery, and GST activity was lower in comparison with the control. The GSH + GSSG level in both ages groups after surgery was lower than in the control. Significant differences of MDA level were detected in patients with stage III after surgery compared to the control. The level of GSH + GSSG was significantly lower in the patients with I-III stages compared to the control. Conclusion: The most expressed changes demonstrate the significance of MDA as a marker to evaluate oxidative stress in breast cancer patients. The degree of oxidative stress depends on the patient's age and stage of disease. (1) Malondialdehyde can be used as an oxidative stress marker; (2) A higher stage of the disease and older age correspond to a higher rise of malondialdehyde, suggesting more intensive oxidative stress.

Oxidative and Antioxidative Status Expressed as OSI Index and GSH/GSSG Ratio in Children with Bone Tumors after Anticancer Therapy Completion

“…In addition, a lower ratio of GSH to GSSG in patients with Ewing’s sarcoma compared with OS patients was found. Lower levels of GSH + GSSG were observed before and after surgery in breast cancer patients by other authors [ 38 ]. Grunwell et al [ 39 ] found an increase in GSSG and a more oxidized redox state of GSH/GSSG in the serum of critically ill children aged 0–18 years (sepsis, asthma, solid tumors) compared with that of healthy children.…”

Phytochemical Constituents and Ameliorative Effect of the Essential Oil from Annona muricata L. Leaves in a Murine Model of Breast Cancer

“…On the contrary, a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been found in almost all cancers, due to increased metabolic activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, peroxisome activity, oncogenic activity, increased activity of oxidases, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and thymidine phosphorylase [ 23 ]. Alterations in lipid peroxidation have been confirmed in breast cancer, and the main marker of oxidative stress is the level of malondialdehyde (MDA); likewise, a high level of serum MDA was found in the advanced cancer stage [ 24 ]. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant thiol in cells, which plays an important role in antioxidant defense, acts as a free radical scavenger and detoxifying agent in cells, and is useful in a multitude of biochemical processes, such as cell proliferation, cell division and differentiation [ 25 ].…”

Alterations of glutathione and GSTM1 mutations induce tumor metastasis and invasion via EMT pathway in breast cancer patients

“…The alteration in the redox level would cross this balance and occupied the potential to promote the oxidation level [22]. Didziapetriene J, et al [23] investigated that the antioxidant pathways and especially GSH levels are downregulated in breast cancer tissues Reduction in the ratios of GSH to GSSG were investigated in both serum and tissue samples of breast cancer patients as compared to serum and ANCT samples of the same patients. Our results are in agreement with already reported studies that the GSH and GSSG levels were decreased in breast cancer patients [23].…”