Phytochemical Constituents and Ameliorative Effect of the Essential Oil from Annona muricata L. Leaves in a Murine Model of Breast Cancer

Abstract

Annona muricata leaves are traditionally used as an anticancer plant in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effect of the essential oil from Annona muricata leaves (EOAm) in an experimental model of breast cancer and to determine the volatile constituents with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty female rats were assigned to five groups: the control group; the DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene) group; and three groups received daily EOAm doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day, plus DMBA, respectively. After 13 weeks of treatment, tumors were analyzed pathologically and biochemical markers in serum were noted. As a result, in GC-MS analysis, 40 compounds were identified and 4 of them were abundant: Z-caryophyllene (40.22%), followed by α-selinene (9.94%), β-pinene (8.92%), and β-elemene (7.48%). Furthermore, EOAm in a dose-dependent form produced a reduction in tumor frequency and the accumulated tumor volume was reduced by 50% and 71% with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Serum levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly compared to the DMBA group. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) decreased significantly from 70.75 ± 7.15 pg/mL in the DMBA group to 46.50 ± 9.00 and 34.13 ± 11.50 pg/mL in groups treated with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. This study concludes that the EOAm leaves showed an ameliorative effect in a murine model of breast cancer.

Synthesis, characterization and anti-breast cancer potential of an incensole acetate nanoemulsion from Catharanthus roseus essential oil; in silico, in vitro, and in vivo study

“…These ameliorative and protective effects of A. muricata EO leaves were concluded in a BC murine model. 71 A monoterpene that has been examined in vitro against liver cancer cells is geraniol, and this molecule aids the prevention of human breast and liver cancer cells from proliferating. The in vivo and in vitro activities of these medications were highlighted to identify molecular pathways.…”

“…These ameliorative and protective effects of A. muricata EO leaves were concluded in a BC murine model. 71 …”

Essential oils and their nanoformulations for breast cancer therapy

“…High level of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) is correlated to the advanced BC stages. Whereas reduced glutathione, plays crucial roles as an antioxidant by free radical scavenging (Rojas‐Armas et al, 2022). Interestingly, EO of Annona muricata (AMEO) had an ameliorative effect in murine BC model through an antioxidant mechanism.…”

“…Compared to the control group of Female Holtzman rats who received only DMBA injections, rats that received oral administration of the AMEO showed significantly lower levels of MDA and higher levels of reduced glutathione. As a result, AMEO treatment substantially decreased the tumor incidence frequency and tumor volume (Rojas‐Armas et al, 2022).…”

“…Compared to the control group of Female Holtzman rats who received only DMBA injections, rats that received oral administration of the AMEO showed significantly lower levels of MDA and higher levels of reduced glutathione. As a result, AMEO treatment substantially decreased the tumor incidence frequency and tumor volume(Rojas-Armas et al, 2022).4.1 | Immunomodulatory effects of EOs in in vivo BC modelsImmunomodulatory drugs can improve the effectiveness of cancer therapy by boosting the antitumor immunity and thereby facilitate the immune cells to eliminate cancer cells. Azadi et al reported that ZEO decreased tumor growth potentially through immunomodulatory effect.…”