Oxidative stress: Changes in pregnancy and with gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Pregnancy is susceptible to oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses can be altered in response to elevated levels of oxidative stress. Limited data in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) suggest that products of lipid peroxidation may be increased and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased, although the results have been inconsistent. As in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glycemic levels in patients with GDM correlate with concentrations of lipid peroxides. The effects of supplementation with antioxidants or antioxidant-rich food in T2DM are controversial. Whether or not increased antioxidant intake can reduce the complications of GDM in both mother and fetus has not been explored.

Determination of Prooxidant–Antioxidant Balance during Uncomplicated Pregnancy Using a Rapid Assay

“…Other studies have shown that oxidative stress is increased during pregnancy (6,11,22). When this increase is not associated with an optimal antioxidant status, harmful effects could arise that include hypertension, diabetes, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, abortion and teratogenic processes (7,23).…”

Intake of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements during pregnancy and risk of advanced β cell autoimmunity in the child

“…The high metabolic rate of the placenta leads to increased generation of free radicals, biomarkers of which were observed in maternal circulation (6). The concentration of lipoperoxides in cord blood is only 30% of that in maternal blood, suggesting that the placenta suppresses lipoperoxide formation or transplacental passage, protecting the fetus from the action of these free radicals (7).…”

Stres oksydacyjny indukowany hiperglikemią w cukrzycy ciążowej (GDM)

“…Additionally, free-radical-catalysed peroxidation of arachidonic acid independent of cyclooxygenase results in formation of PGF2-like compounds, namely F2-isoprostanes. Among them, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a (8-iso-PGF2a) is an important marker of endogenous lipid peroxidation [41]. The functional consequence of lipid peroxidation is an increase in membrane fluidity and permeability [38].…”