Oxidative stress is involved in the activation of NF-κB signal pathway and immune inflammatory response in grass carp gill induced by cypermethrin and/or sulfamethoxazole

Abstract

At present, the concentration of environmental pollutants, such as pesticides and antibiotics exposed in environment, especially in aquatic environment is increasing. These contaminants are exposed through aquatic environment to sh and ultimately accumulate in humans. Research on environmental pollutants has exploded in the past two years. However, there are still few studies on the combined effects of pesticides and antibiotics on sh, especially on sh gills. A separate analysis of the toxic effects caused by an environmental pollutant cannot fully show the real situation. In this paper, cypermethrin (CMN) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) were analyzed and found that there was a strong correlation between the pathways affected by the rst 30 genes regulated by CMN and SMZ respectively. Therefore, the toxic effects of CMN (0.651 μg/L) and/or SMZ (0.3 μg/L) on grass carp gill were studied in this paper. Histopathology, quantitative real-time PCR and other methods were used to detect the tissue morphology, oxidative stress level, in ammation and apoptosis-related indicators of the sh gills after exposure 42 days. It was found that compared with the single exposure (SMZ/CMN) group, the combined exposure (MIX) group had a more pronounced oxidative stress index imbalance. At the same time, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal pathway was activated and immuno-in ammatory reaction appeared in MIX group.This study reveals the harm of CMN and SMZ to sh, and provides a reference and basis for the rational use of pesticides and antibiotics.

Kuersetin'in Sipermetrin Kaynaklı Mide Hasarı Üzerine Etkileri: Oksidatif Stres, Enflamasyon ve Apoptozun Rolü

“…24,25 Studies conducted to investigate the mechanism of these effects have shown that CYP causes damage in different tissues by causing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. 6,7,26,27 However, the mechanism of action on gastric tissue is unclear. Considering this information, this study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effect of CYP on gastric damage caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, apoptosis and autophagy.…”

“…Studies in the literature suggest that ROS-mediated oxidative stress is under the toxic effect of pesticides. 26,27 Oxidative stress occurs because of the disruption of the balance between the ROS and antioxidant systems. In studies, the degree of oxidative stress damage caused by CYP has been reported by looking at the accumulation of lipid peroxidation.…”

“…Studies have associated the toxic effects of pesticides with activating proinflammatory pathways and stress signals of ROS. 10,26 One of these signals, the NF-𝜅B transcription factor, takes part in important physiological processes such as inflammatory responses, cell proliferation and cell death in the body. Additionally, it is known that NF-𝜅B regulates the activation of proinflammatories such as TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS, and COX-2, which is involved in the inflammatory response.…”

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive responses to the combined impact of salinity and alkalinity in Gymnocypris przewalskii

“…Gill is an important organ for oxygen exchange, salinity sensing, acid–base balance, and nitrogenous waste excretion. When subjected to abiotic stress, such as saline and alkaline water, gill can initiate signal cascades to enhance the tolerance (Aruna et al 2021 ; Chang et al 2021 ; Li et al 2021 ). Thus, gill was chosen as the research object during the analysis of stress response.…”

Neuroprotective Effects of Nano-Curcumin against Cypermethrin Associated Oxidative Stress and Up-Regulation of Apoptotic and Inflammatory Gene Expression in Rat Brains

“…Despite their widespread use, there is growing interest in their neurotoxic effects on humans. Through extensive research, it has been accepted that CPM exposure to humans results in neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases [ 5 , 6 ]. Insecticides can interrupt the function of vital organs in the body and bring about endocrine, cardiovascular, reproductive, renal, and nervous system disorders [ 7 ].…”