Oxidative stress responses in zebrafish Danio rerio after subchronic exposure to atrazine

Oxidative Stress Response in Liver, Kidney and Gills of Ctenopharyngodon Idellus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) Exposed To Chlorpyrifos

“…[28][29][30] This, as explained, 31 could be attributed to generation of a high level of free radicals which lead to destabilization and disintegration of cell membrane, thereby damage the organ. This is in agreement with the findings of other workers on different fishes (Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to propiconazole, 32 Danio rerio exposed to atrazine 33 Carassius auratus exposed to sencor, 34 Carassius carassius exposed to endosulphan 5 The increase in TBARS level could be the result of impairment in antioxidant enzymes due to enhanced ROS formation, resulted in cell membrane damage and cellular dysfunction. This is further evidenced by ultrastructural alterations like loss of functional unit of mitochondria, peroxisomes and endoplasmic reticulum in liver, kidney and gills of the fish.…”

“…Similar observations have been made in other fishes (Oreochromis niloticus & Cyprinus carpio exposed to 2,4-D & azinophosmethyl 47 Brycon cephalus exposed to methyl parathion, 45 Labeo rohita exposed to malathion, 61 Danio rerio exposed to atrazine. 33 This, as explained, 44 the increased GST activity in gills may indicate the development of a defensive mechanism to counteract the effects of pesticide and may reflect the possibility of a more efficient protection against pesticide toxicity. This suggests increased detoxification process.…”

“…49 Similar findings have been made 28 on Oreochromis niloticus & Cyprinus carpio exposed to 2, 4-D & azinophosmethyl. However, some authors 33,34 have reported a decrease in CAT activity in the kidney of the fish. This might be due to quite higher concentration of the pesticide used.…”

Atrazine-Mediated Oxidative Stress Responses and Lipid Peroxidation in the Tissues of Clarias gariepinus

“…One of the most widely used herbicides in the world is atrazine (2-chloro-4ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) [1,2]. It is moderately toxic, highly water soluble, encouragingly mobile in the environment with a hydrolysis half-life of 30 d [3].…”

Quantitative Determination of Lethal Concentration Lc50 of Atrazine on Biochemical Parameters; Total Protein and Serum Albumin of Freshwater Fish Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…Exposing fish to different concentrations of atrazine can also bring changes in fish behavior, such as irregular movement, increased opercular movement, floating on the side, vertical movement, fast swimming, coming toward the water surface, etc., and such abnormal behavior indicates that herbicides affect the CNS of the fish [35]. Atrazine is toxic to aquatic animals and most studies have noted that exposure of fish to atrazine results in biochemical parameter alteration, behavioral abnormality, and structural deformality, plus stress on reproduction and the immune system by quantifying white blood cells [22,[36][37][38][39][40]. Histopathological changes in kidney, liver, gills, and other organs due to exposure to different atrazine concentrations can lead to death [41,42,36].…”