PAHs in some brands of tea

Singh, Satnam; Vashishth, Amit; Vishal, .

doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1615-0

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Chrysene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, indendo[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]pyrene and benzo[a]antracene were not found at all. In another research conducted in India (Singh et al 2011), PAHs in tea have been studied for five locally available brands. Benzo[a]pyrene was found in two samples at levels of 14 and 16.6 μg kg −1 , and naphthalene was found in all the tea samples in the range of 33.3 to 268.8 μg kg −1 .…”

Section: Monitoring Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, it is necessary to utilise an effective method of extraction and clean-up procedures of tea samples. As yet, conventional procedures of sample preparation for PAHs determination in teas have included extraction using various solvents (acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, hexane) and clean-up step, usually with the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) or gel permeation chromatography (Lin et al 2005; Singh et al 2011). Apart from these approaches, accelerated solvent extraction and stir bar sorptive extraction were successfully applied to PAH analysis (Ziegenhals et al 2008; Zuin et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of different modifications on QuEChERS sample preparation method for PAHs determination in black, green, red and white tea

Sadowska-Rociek

Surma

Cieśłik

2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The aim of this work was the evaluation of QuEChERS extraction method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) determination in various types of tea. In the experiment, different kinds of extraction solvents, sorbents and a final method of sample preparation were compared. The final extracts were analysed by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring-mass spectrometry. The results suggest that acetonitrile extraction, clean up with SAX and final liquid–liquid extraction was the best combination giving the most purified extracts and acceptable compound recoveries for different types of teas. In the study of real samples, compounds belonging to light PAHs were mostly detected, and heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo[a]pyrene, were not identified in any of samples.

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Section: Monitoring Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different modifications on QuEChERS sample preparation method for PAHs determination in black, green, red and white tea

Sadowska-Rociek

Surma

Cieśłik

2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…; Wang and Guo ; Liu et al. ; Singh and Vashishth ), microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) (Pena et al . ), pressurised‐liquid extraction (PLE) (Veyrand et al.…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Pah Determination In Milk and Milk Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alkaline saponification with methanolic KOH or ethanolic NaOH is used for releasing the bound PAHs or lipid removal, but these conditions might lead to degradation of PAHs or their loss in the alcoholic phase. For these reasons, solvent extraction methods have been established, including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (Guill en and Sopelana 2004;Guill en et al , 2011Lin et al 2006;Perugini et al 2009;Ishizaki et al 2010Ishizaki et al , 2011Kataoka et al 2010;Wang and Guo 2010;Liu et al 2011;Singh and Vashishth 2011), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) (Pena et al 2006), pressurised-liquid extraction (PLE) (Veyrand et al 2007;Duedahl-Olesen et al 2010) headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) (Guill en and Sopelana 2005) and direct-immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) (Doong et al 2000). Furthermore, usually during the analysis of the samples, many other ingredients and components are coextracted.…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Pah Determination In Milk and Milk Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk and dairy products

Amirdivani

Khorshidian

Dana³

et al. 2018

Int J of Dairy Tech

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds with a structure consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms that have more than two fused aromatic rings. Most PAHs have carcinogenic effects on animal or humans and induce various cancers. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a consequence of environmental pollutants, imperfect burning or pyrolysis of organic substances during industrial processing. Additionally, foods can be contaminated during their processing and preparation through different heat treatments. This review highlights the formation, occurrence and health impacts of PAHs in milk and milk products, and analytical technique used for their determination in dairy products.

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“…[11] Even higher concentrations were measured on Mate teas, with concentrations of PAH ranging from 184.6 to 1615 μg/kg. [12] The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified 16 PAHs as priority environmental pollutants [13] to include benzo[a]-anthracene (BaA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IND), benzo[k]fluoranthene(BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenzo-[a,h] anthracene (DBA), naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthene (Acp), acenaphthylene (AcPy), fluorene (Flu), phenanthrene (PA), anthracene (Ant), fluoranthene (FL), pyrene (Pyr), chrysene (CHR), and benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BghiP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dry tea

Adisa

Jimenez

Woodham

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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Twenty-eight different tea samples sold in the United States were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD) for their contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Many PAHs exhibit carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties and have been related to several kinds of cancer in man and experimental animals. The presence of PAHs in environmental samples such as water, sediments, and particulate air has been extensively studied, but food samples have received little attention. Eighteen PAHs congeners were analyzed, with percentage recovery higher than 85%. Contamination expressed as the sum of the 18 analyzed PAHs was between 101 and 1337 μg/kg on dry mass and the average contents in all of the 28 examined samples was 300 μg/kg on dry mass. Seven of the congeners were found in all samples with wide ranges of concentrations as follows: fluorene (7–48 μg/kg), anthracene (1–31 μg/kg), pyrene (1–970 μg/kg), benzo(a)anthracene (1–18 μg/kg) chrysene (17–365 μg/kg), benzo(a)pyrene (1–29 μg/kg), and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (4–119 μg/kg). The two most toxic congeners benzo(a)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene were found at high concentrations only in Earl Grey Twinnings, Earl Grey Harney& Sons Fine Teas, and Chai Ultra Spice Black Tea Twinnings. Six PAH congeners are considered as suspected carcinogens (U.S.EPA), formed the basis of the estimation of the toxic equivalent (TEQ), Chai Ultra-Spice Black Tea Twinnings had the highest TEQ (110.9) followed by two grey tea samples, Earl Grey Harney & Sons Fine Tea (57.7) and Earl Grey Twinnings (54.5). Decaffeinated grey teas had the lowest TEQs, decaffeinated Earl Grey Bigelow (9.4) and Green Tea Honey Lemon Decaffeinated Lipton (9.6).

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PAHs in some brands of tea

Cited by 36 publications

References 20 publications

Comparison of different modifications on QuEChERS sample preparation method for PAHs determination in black, green, red and white tea

Comparison of different modifications on QuEChERS sample preparation method for PAHs determination in black, green, red and white tea

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk and dairy products

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dry tea

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