Palladium catalysed hydroethoxycarbonylation in imidazolium-based ionic liquids

Palladium-catalyzed hydroesterification of olefins with isosorbide in standard and Brønsted acidic ionic liquids

“…The amount of palladium in this organic phase was found to be 209 ppm,indicating that 22 % of the initial amount of palladium was in the organic phase. This result is in agreement with the results reported in the literature[5][6][7][8] and can undoubtedly be attributed to the marked hydrophobic character of PPh 3 ligand. To solve this problem, the use of ionic ligands such as the sodium salts of sulfonated mono and bidentate arylphosphines have been considered.…”

Palladium complexes of (benzoimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine ligands as catalysts for methoxycarbonylation of olefins

“…For instance, under low partial pressures of carbon monoxide and moderate temperatures, some of these catalyst systems show high regioselectivity (>90%) towards branched esters [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids as Non-conventional Media for Alcohol Dehydrogenase-Catalysed Reactions

“…The product was obtained pure after several washes with diethyl ether to remove the excess of 3. Scheme 2 One-pot two-step synthesis of racemic IL 1 IL 2 was obtained through the nucleophilic substitution of freshly distilled chloroacetone (5) with 3 at -20 ºC (Scheme 3) [45]. Again, the only purification required was an extraction with diethyl ether to remove any excess of 3.…”