Paper-based Platform for Urinary Creatinine Detection

Abstract

A new paper platform was developed for the colorimetric detection of creatinine. The filter paper was coated with 3-propylsulfonic acid trimethoxysilane and used as the platform. Creatinine in a cationic form was extracted onto the paper via an ion-exchange mechanism and detected through the Jaffé reaction, resulting in a yellow-orange color complex. The color change on the paper could be observed visually, and the quantitative detection of creatinine was achieved through monitoring the color intensity change. The color intensity of creatinine complexes on the paper platform as a function of the creatinine concentration provided a linear range for creatinine detection in the range of 10 -60 mg L -1 and a detection limit of 4.2 mg L -1 . The accuracy of the proposed paper-based method was comparable to the conventional standard Jaffé method. This paper platform could be applied for simple and rapid detection of creatinine in human urine samples with a low consumption of reagent.

Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device for the Determination of Hexavalent Chromium by Photolithographic Fabrication Using a Photomask Printed with 3D Printer

“…Recently, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have attracted a lot of attention and have been actively developed due to being simple, inexpensive, user-friendly, and disposable. [12][13][14][15][16] To date, μPADs have been used as elegant analytical tools for a variety of applications, including medical diagnosis, [17][18][19][20][21] food testing, 22 and environmental monitoring. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] A lot of detection methods have been used for μPADs.…”

An Instrument-free Detection of Antioxidant Activity Using Paper-based Analytical Devices Coated with Nanoceria

“…Recently, μPADs have gained interest for their applications in several fields such as biomedical science, genomics, immunology, chemistry, biochemistry, toxicology, environmental monitoring and food safety because they offer advantages including simplicity, rapidity, low cost, equipmentfree, lightweight, portability, low reagent consumption and ease of disposal. [11][12][13][14][15] μPADs can be fabricated by patterning hydrophobic materials to create hydrophilic flow channels and analysis/detection zones using various methods such as photolithography, 16 wax printing 17 and polymer screenprinting.…”

Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device for Quantification of Lead Using Reaction Band-length for Identification of Bullet Hole and Its Potential for Estimating Firing Distance

“…[13][14][15] There are several techniques for quantitative analysis on μPADs. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The most common detection mode is colorimetric detection using specific reagents to quantify the analyte using its color intensity. After the sample zone is recorded with a camera or a scanner, the color of a specific area is converted to a numerical intensity value, typically gray scale or RGB, by means of a computer program.…”

“…After the sample zone is recorded with a camera or a scanner, the color of a specific area is converted to a numerical intensity value, typically gray scale or RGB, by means of a computer program. [19][20][21] The type and model of the optical recorder, as well as the ambient light condition, remain issues in achieving a reproducible and accurate quantitative assay. As a result, alternative ideas, such as utilizing the reaction band-length of the color zone, 17,[23][24][25] the number or position of colored regions 26 or measuring the time from sample introduction until the appearance of a particular phenomenon 27 have been proposed.…”