Paralysis of nematodes: shifts in the transcriptome of the nematode‐trapping fungus <i>Monacrosporium haptotylum</i> during infection of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>

Fekete, Csaba; Tholander, Margareta; Rajashekar, Balaji; Ahrén, Dag; Friman, Eva; Johansson, Tomas; Tunlid, Anders

doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01457.x

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Subtilisins are an expanded gene family in M. haptotylum, and the genome contains 59 gene models with a peptidase_S8 domain (Meerupati et al, submitted). Two subtilisin genes (spr1 and spr2) in M. haptotylum are significantly upregulated during infection of Caenorhabditis elegans (64). In the genome, spr1 corresponds to H072_6551 and spr2 to H072_5672; thus, the subtilisin that was upregulated in the proteome was not identical to SPR1 or SPR2.…”

Section: Cell Surface Proteins (I) Proteins Containing the Wsc Domaimentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Andersson

Meerupati

Levander

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Many nematophagous fungi use morphological structures called traps to capture nematodes by adhesion or mechanically. To better understand the cellular functions of adhesive traps, the trap cell proteome of the fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum was characterized. The trap of M. haptotylum consists of a unicellular structure called a knob that develops at the apex of a hypha. Proteins extracted from knobs and mycelia were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The peptide sequences were matched against predicted gene models from the recently sequenced M. haptotylum genome. In total, 336 proteins were identified, with 54 expressed at significantly higher levels in the knobs than in the mycelia. The upregulated knob proteins included peptidases, small secreted proteins with unknown functions, and putative cell surface adhesins containing carbohydrate-binding domains, including the WSC domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all upregulated WSC domain proteins belonged to a large, expanded cluster of paralogs in M. haptotylum. Several peptidases and homologs of experimentally verified proteins in other pathogenic fungi were also upregulated in the knob proteome. Complementary profiling of gene expression at the transcriptome level showed poor correlation between the upregulation of knob proteins and their corresponding transcripts. We propose that the traps of M. haptotylum contain many of the proteins needed in the early stages of infection and that the trap cells can tightly control the translation and degradation of these proteins to minimize the cost of protein synthesis. N ematode-trapping fungi have the unique ability to capture and infect free-living nematodes (1). Given their potential use as biological control agents for plant-and animal-parasitic nematodes (2), there is much interest in studying their infection biology. To enter the parasitic stage, nematode-trapping fungi develop a unique morphological structure called traps. These traps develop from hyphal branches, either spontaneously or in response to signals from the environment, such as peptides or other compounds released by the host nematode (3). Molecular phylogeny studies have shown that the majority of nematode-trapping fungi belong to a monophyletic group in the order Orbiliales (Ascomycota). Within this clade, the trapping mechanisms have evolved along two major lineages, one leading to species with constricting rings and the other to species with adhesive traps, including three-dimensional networks, knobs, and branches (4-6).Despite large variation in their morphology, adhesive traps share a unique ultrastructure that clearly separates them from vegetative hyphae (3). One feature that is common to all traps is the presence of numerous cytosolic organelles called dense bodies. These organelles have catalase and D-amino acid oxidase activities, which indicates that they are peroxisome-like organelles (3). However, the function of these organelles is not yet fully understood. Another feature of th...

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Section: Cell Surface Proteins (I) Proteins Containing the Wsc Domaimentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Andersson

Meerupati

Levander

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…These include the fungi Drechmeria coniospora (Jansson 1994;Pujol et al 2008a, b), Monacrosporium haptotylum (Fekete et al 2008), Streptoverticillium albireticuli (Park et al 2002), Duddingtonia flagrans (Mendoza De Gives et al 1999) and Gram positive bacteria Leucobacter chromiireducens subsp. solipictus (Muir and Tan 2008) and Microbacterium nematophilum (Hodgkin et al 2000).…”

Section: Surface Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbial Interactions with Caenorhabditis elegans: Lessons from a Model Organism

Gravato-Nobre

Hodgkin

2011

Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes:

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In recent years, the study of invertebrate innate immune defense responses has been greatly expanded by the use of the powerful tractable model Caenorhabditis elegans. Because of the accessible mechanisms underpinning its innate immune system, the worm has become into a valuable model for identifying core strategies of microbial pathogenicity and host defense. C. elegans-microbial interaction studies have revealed a conservation of both pathogen virulence factors and metazoan immune repertoires. In C. elegans the signaling pathways involved in orchestrating immune responses are: three mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38, JNK and ERK), the unfolded protein response (serine threonine/kinase IRE-1 and PQN/ABU proteins), the transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b), the insulin-like receptor (DAF-2), the Wnt/Wingless b-catenin (BAR-1), and the component of programmed cell death BCL-2 homolog (CED-9). These pathways also serve major developmental, behavioral and metabolic functions. Abbreviations ABUactivated in blocked unfolded protein response AGE-1 aging alteration Apaf-1 apoptosis protease activating factor-1 ASK1 apoptosis signaling-regulating kinase-1 BAR-1 beta-catenin/armadillo related CED cell death abnormality DAF dauer formation abnormal DBL-1 decapentaplegic/BMP-like EGL egg-laying defective

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“…These genes form “the nlp-29 cluster” which comprises nlp-27 to nlp-31 and the adjacent gene nlp-34 on chromosome V (Couillault et al, 2004; Pujol et al, 2008). Upon exposure to the nematode-trapping fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum , several nlp genes were induced in infected worms (Fekete et al, 2008). Overexpression of these genes enhanced worm resistance to D. coniospora infection, further validating their contribution to in vivo host defense (Pujol et al, 2008).…”

Section: Elegans: a Potential Repertoire Of Antimicrobial Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Traditional Antimicrobials: A Caenorhabditis elegans Model for Discovery of Novel Anti-infectives

et al. 2016

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The spread of antibiotic resistance amongst bacterial pathogens has led to an urgent need for new antimicrobial compounds with novel modes of action that minimize the potential for drug resistance. To date, the development of new antimicrobial drugs is still lagging far behind the rising demand, partly owing to the absence of an effective screening platform. Over the last decade, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been incorporated as a whole animal screening platform for antimicrobials. This development is taking advantage of the vast knowledge on worm physiology and how it interacts with bacterial and fungal pathogens. In addition to allowing for in vivo selection of compounds with promising anti-microbial properties, the whole animal C. elegans screening system has also permitted the discovery of novel compounds targeting infection processes that only manifest during the course of pathogen infection of the host. Another advantage of using C. elegans in the search for new antimicrobials is that the worm itself is a source of potential antimicrobial effectors which constitute part of its immune defense response to thwart infections. This has led to the evaluation of effector molecules, particularly antimicrobial proteins and peptides (APPs), as candidates for further development as therapeutic agents. In this review, we provide an overview on use of the C. elegans model for identification of novel anti-infectives. We highlight some highly potential lead compounds obtained from C. elegans-based screens, particularly those that target bacterial virulence or host defense to eradicate infections, a mechanism distinct from the action of conventional antibiotics. We also review the prospect of using C. elegans APPs as an antimicrobial strategy to treat infections.

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Paralysis of nematodes: shifts in the transcriptome of the nematode‐trapping fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum during infection of Caenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 39 publications

References 54 publications

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Microbial Interactions with Caenorhabditis elegans: Lessons from a Model Organism

Beyond Traditional Antimicrobials: A Caenorhabditis elegans Model for Discovery of Novel Anti-infectives

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