Paramagnetic Properties of Metal‐Free Boron‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Application for Safe Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Wang, Hui; Revia, Richard A.; Wang, Kui; Kant, Rajeev J.; Mu, Qingxin; Gai, Zheng; Hong, Kunlun; Zhang, Miqin

doi:10.1002/adma.201605416

Cited by 130 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Wang et al [81] synthesized Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles and self-assembly with graphene quantum dots to obtain two-photon emission and MRI dual-modal bioimaging agents. Wang and Zhang et al [82] prepared B doped CDs as another new type of T1 contrast agent for MRI. Although the magnetization value of B-CDs is lower than that of Gd-based agents, it is a metal-free graphene-based material, which opens a new avenue to realize dual-modal bioimaging.…”

Section: Mri and Fi Dual Modal Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advance of carbon dots in bio-related applications

Wang

Bao

et al. 2020

J. Phys. Mater.

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Carbon dots (CDs) is a kind of carbon nanoparticles with a plentiful of surface functional groups and tunable emission with different excitation wavelength. Broadly speaking, CDs include carbon nanodots, carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, carbonized polymer dots. Due to the unique nature, they are explored for various applications in the bio-related fields such as bioimaging, sensor for ion and (bio)molecules, catalyst, LED and other fields. They are viewed as great alternative tracers to the current fluorescent biomarkers in personalized nanomedicine and surgery operation monitoring. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the development of CDs, including improvement in fluorescence properties, two-photon fluorescence, and integration with other modalities as theragnostic agents. Specifically, we discussed the preparation of dual-modal imaging agents to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, the combination of imaging and targeting functionality for the effective accumulation of biomarkers, and the integration of imaging and therapeutic agents to effectively monitor the localization and concentration of therapeutic agents. Finally, the theragnostic agents composed of three functionalities (e.g. targeting, imaging, and therapy) were summarized to provide readers with future perspectives in this field.

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Section: Mri and Fi Dual Modal Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advance of carbon dots in bio-related applications

Wang

Bao

et al. 2020

J. Phys. Mater.

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“…On the market, there are two kinds of contrast agents for MRI, i.e., T 1 ‐ or T 2 ‐weighted contrast agents. Due to the intrinsic problems of T 2 ‐weighted contrast agents, Gd chelates as T 1 ‐weighted contrast agents have occupied most of the market of MRI contrast agents for decades . However, several unsolved problems severely impede the further application of clinical Gd chelates: 1) The U.S. food and drug administration (FDA) has warned for their clinical use due to their potential nephrotoxicity .…”

Section: R1 and R2 Measured Using Different Mri Scanner Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceedingly Small Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles with Remarkable Relaxivities for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors

Shen

Fan

Yáng

et al. 2019

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Gd chelates have occupied most of the market of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for decades. However, there have been some problems (nephrotoxicity, non‐specificity, and low r1) that limit their applications. Herein, a wet‐chemical method is proposed for facile synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) stabilized exceedingly small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (ES‐GON‐PAA) with an excellent water dispersibility and a size smaller than 2.0 nm, which is a powerful T1‐weighted MRI contrast agent for diagnosis of diseases due to its remarkable relaxivities (r1 = 70.2 ± 1.8 mM−1 s−1, and r2/r1 = 1.02 ± 0.03, at 1.5 T). The r1 is much higher and the r2/r1 is lower than that of the commercial Gd chelates and reported gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (GONs). Further ES‐GON‐PAA is developed with conjugation of RGD2 (RGD dimer) (i.e., ES‐GON‐PAA@RGD2) for T1‐weighted MRI of tumors that overexpress RGD receptors (i.e., integrin αvβ3). The maximum signal enhancement (ΔSNR) for T1‐weighted MRI of tumors reaches up to 372 ± 56% at 2 h post‐injection of ES‐GON‐PAA@RGD2, which is much higher than commercial Gd‐chelates (<80%). Due to the high biocompatibility and high tumor accumulation, ES‐GON‐PAA@RGD2 with remarkable relaxivities is a promising and powerful T1‐weighted MRI contrast agent.

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“…The graphite powder or GO always act as a carbon source during the boron doping (B‐doping), while B source can be varied from H 3 BO 3 to B 2 O 3 , B 4 C, and so on . Wang et al synthesized B‐GQDs at 200 °C using 4‐vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA) and boric acid as the precursor ( Figure A) . B‐doped GQDs were prepared via a microwave approach with GO as the carbon source and borax as the boron source (Figure B) .…”

Section: Synthesis and Tuning Strategies Of Gqdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis and Tuning Strategies Of Gqdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from mice growth, organ appearance and slices, as well as hematology and blood chemistry analyses demonstrated that GQD‐PEG presented excellent biocompatibility. Wang et al evaluated the biodistribution of B‐GQDs by injecting B‐GQDs into wild‐type mice . After 72 h, significant portions of B‐GQDs were found in liver and stomach, while lesser amounts were found in lung and heart ( Figure a).…”

Section: Biocompatibility Of Gqdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene Quantum Dots for Optical Bioimaging

Dong

et al. 2019

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198

121

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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have shown great potential in bioimaging applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, feasibility for surface functionalization, physiological stability, and tunable fluorescence properties. This Review first introduces the intriguing optical properties of GQDs that are suitable for biological imaging, and is followed by the GQDs' synthetic strategies. The emergent and latest development methods for tuning GQDs' optical properties are further described in detail. The recent advanced applications of GQDs in vitro, particularly in cell imaging, targeted imaging, and theranostic nanoplatform fabrication, are included. The applications of GQDs for in vivo bioimaging are also covered. Finally, the Review is concluded with the challenges and prospectives that face this nascent yet exciting field.

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Paramagnetic Properties of Metal‐Free Boron‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Application for Safe Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cited by 130 publications

References 51 publications

Recent advance of carbon dots in bio-related applications

Recent advance of carbon dots in bio-related applications

Exceedingly Small Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles with Remarkable Relaxivities for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors

Graphene Quantum Dots for Optical Bioimaging

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