Parameters for Evaluation of the Fate, Transport, and Environmental Impacts of Chemical Agents in Marine Environments

Bizzigotti, George O.; Castelly, Harry; Hafez, Ahmed M.; Smith, Wade H. B.; Whitmire, Mark

doi:10.1021/cr0780098

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 212 publications

(572 reference statements)

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“…Table 1 shows the chemical and physical properties of GB. The vapor pressure of GB obey to 9.4-2700/T (K) as listed in Table 1 [3]. On the basis of the equation, GB molecule is easily evaporated into gas phase in room temperature.…”

Section: Photocatalytic Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Titanium dioxide photocatalysis to decompose isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GB) in gas phase

Sato

Hirakawa

Komano

et al. 2011

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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Section: Photocatalytic Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Since titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has been shown to be an effective photocatalyst for the decomposition of a large number of organic compounds [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], use of TiO 2 as a photocatalyst has been greatly focused on the decontamination of the CWAs in terms of crisis management .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium dioxide photocatalysis to decompose isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GB) in gas phase

Sato

Hirakawa

Komano

et al. 2011

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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“…As the hydrolysis of NMs often yields their fully hydrolyzed products, 12 the selective synthesis of pHpNMs is quite challenging.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Phpnmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass spectral studies of silyl derivatives of partially hydrolyzed products of nitrogen mustards: Important markers of nitrogen mustard exposure

Chandra

Roy

Shaik

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale: Nitrogen mustards (NMs) are vesicant class of chemical warfare agents. From the viewpoint of the Chemical Weapons Convention partially hydrolyzed products of nitrogen mustards (pHpNMs) are considered as important markers of nitrogen mustard exposure. The detection of pHpNMs from biological or environmental samples is highly useful for obtaining forensic evidence of exposure to NMs.Methods: Gas chromatography interfaced with tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/ MS) is a widely used tool for the identification and sensitive detection of metabolites of NMs in complex matrices. The pHpNMs were derivatized using silylating agents as they are highly polar and non-amenable to GC. The mass spectral studies of these silyl derivatives of pHpNMs were performed using GC/MS/MS in both electron ionization (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) mode. Results:Various approaches have been proposed to assess the fragmentation pathways of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) and tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivatives of pHpNMs. All the proposed fragmentation pathways were based on the product and/or precursor ion scanning of corresponding ions in both EI and CI mode. In the case of EI, most of the fragmentation pathways involved either α-cleavage or inductive cleavage.Conclusions: This is the first report on the MS study of the silyl derivatives of pHpNMs. The study of the two different derivatives of pHpNMs using both EI-and CI-MS provides a reliable, unambiguous identification of pHpNMs in complex environmental and biomedical matrices (such as plasma and urine) during any verification activities.

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“…The munitions have been lying in the seabed for almost 70 years by now, meaning that the shells containing CWAs are corroding and leaking. The leakages cause the chemical pollution of the marine environment and, unfortunately, its full risks are not yet entirely understood .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HD degrades predominantly by hydrolysis to thiodiglycol (TDG). TDG may be oxidized to thiodiglycol sulfoxide (TDGO) and, more slowly, to thiodiglycol sulfone (TDGOO) . HD and its degradation products TDG, TDGO, and TDGOO are surprisingly rarely found in the sediment and water samples from the dumpsites , whereas the cyclic compounds are quite frequently found in the real samples from the dumpsites .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and comparison of HPLC and MEKC methods for the analysis of cyclic sulfur mustard degradation products

2017

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In this study, novel, fast, and simple methods based on RP-HPLC and MEKC with DAD are developed and validated for the qualitative and quantitative determination of five cyclic sulfur mustard (HD) degradation products (1,4-thioxane, 1,3-dithiolane, 1,4-dithiane, 1,2,5-trithiepane, and 1,4,5-oxadithiepane) in water samples. The HPLC method employs a C18 column and an isocratic water-ACN (55:45, v/v) mobile phase. This method enables separation of all five cyclic compounds within 8 min. With the CE method, the baseline separation of five compounds was achieved in less than 11 min by applying a simple BGE composed of a 10 mM borate buffer and 90 mM SDS (pH 9.15). Both methods showed good linear correlation (R > 0.9904). The detection limits were in the range of 0.08-0.1 μM for the HPLC method and 10-20 μM for MEKC. The precision tests resulted in RSDs for migration times and peak areas less than 0.9 and 5.5%, respectively, for the HPLC method, and less than 1.1 and 7.7% for the MEKC method, respectively. The developed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of five cyclic HD degradation products in water samples. With the HPLC method, the LODs were lowered using the SPE for sample purification and concentration.

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Parameters for Evaluation of the Fate, Transport, and Environmental Impacts of Chemical Agents in Marine Environments

Cited by 52 publications

References 212 publications

Titanium dioxide photocatalysis to decompose isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GB) in gas phase

Titanium dioxide photocatalysis to decompose isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GB) in gas phase

Mass spectral studies of silyl derivatives of partially hydrolyzed products of nitrogen mustards: Important markers of nitrogen mustard exposure

Development and comparison of HPLC and MEKC methods for the analysis of cyclic sulfur mustard degradation products

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