Parameters Optimization, Sticking Mechanism and Kinetics Analysis of Fine Iron Ore in Fluidized-Reduction Process

Xu, Qingyu; Wang, Haichuan; Yuan-kun, FU; Wang, Jianjun

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2016-280

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…When the particle spacing in the bed is small, the expansion rate of the bed layer decreases gradually with the increase in particles, and the sticking ratio increases. When the sticking force among the particles exceeds the gas drag force, the high-temperature iron whiskers reunite [23]. Accordingly, the fluidization reduction of fine iron ore sticking is facilitated.…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Carbon Dissection of Waste Plastics on Inhibiting the Adhesion of Fine Iron Ore Particles during Hydrogen Reduction

Liu

et al. 2018

Metals

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In this research, Australian fine iron ore was reduced by combining pressurized and energy-bearing waste plastics in a fluidized bed. This research aims to obtain preferable operating parameters by synthetically researching the effect of temperature, linear velocity, pressure, size, and mass content of energetic waste plastics, and to clarify the sticking mechanism and the inhibitory mechanism of fine iron ore during the reduction process. The experimental results show that the preferable operating parameters include a reduction temperature of 923-973 K, linear velocity of 0.8 m/s, reduction pressure of 0.15 MPa, particle size of energetic waste plastics of 0.18-0.66 mm, and mass content of energetic waste plastics of 8%. Under the conditions of theses preferable operating parameters, the sticking mechanism of fine iron ore is caused by the reunion of the metal iron atoms. The occurrence states of carbons deposited from waste plastics can be divided into two types: graphite and carbon from Fe 3 C. Carbon from Fe 3 C reduces the sticking of fine iron ore, while the graphite hinders the direct contact of iron atoms, thereby effectively controlling the sticking.added are mainly oxides, such as CaO, MgO, SiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 . The adding methods include the dry method, powder method, water mixing method, sintering method, solution method, slurry method, and high-temperature coating method [6][7][8][9]. The addition of inert components affects the surface morphology of particles, especially the growth of iron whiskers [9]. Moreover, the inert components wrap the surface of slag particles or the dilution bed and reduce the probability of iron contact on the surface of particles. Therefore, the inhibitory effect and inert ingredients' uniformity on the particle surface are related to adhesion strength.Carbon is attached to the surface of the particles through carbon precipitation and chemical reactions, and its uniformity distribution and adhesion strength are improved compared with those for the method of adding oxides [10,11]. Shi et al. [12] found that the adhesion of carbon effectively inhibits growth of iron whiskers, which are not easily generated on the surface of powder particles, thereby inhibiting sticking loss. This theory is based on the fact that powder sticking is caused by the hook of an iron whisker. However, Mikami, Zhong, and Shao et al. [13][14][15] showed that the iron whisker is not a necessary condition for the occurrence of sticking loss; pure iron powder particles can also generate sticking loss, and pure iron powder contains no iron whisker. Therefore, the mechanism of inhibition of sticking by carbon precipitation must be further studied. During non-blast furnace ironmaking, the gas-based reduction process is implemented using pressure. Many experts' studies on the mechanism of inhibiting sticking loss are mostly based on atmospheric pressure and differ from the production practice.In order to improve environmental protection and production efficiency, the current study added energetic waste pl...

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Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Carbon Dissection of Waste Plastics on Inhibiting the Adhesion of Fine Iron Ore Particles during Hydrogen Reduction

Liu

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…It can be seen from Figure 3 that as the linear velocity increases, the metallization rate first increases and then decreases, and the sticking ratio gradual declines. This is because with the increase of the superficial gas velocity, the upward drag force on the particles increases; the load of particles decreases; the particle spacing becomes larger; the closeness of the particles in the bed decreases; the porosity increases; and the bed expansion rate increases, altogether rendering it difficult for sticking loss to occur [11]. Furthermore, the metallization rate increases with the increase of the gas velocity.…”

Section: Influence Of the Gas Linear Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under a linear velocity of 0.8 m/s and a reduction pressure of 0.2 MPa, the experimental study of OMC fine iron ore with a particle size of 0.18 mm-0.66 mm was carried out under different temperatures. Xu et al [11] summarized the optimal operating parameters required to reduce fine iron ore to be in the range of 923 K to 1023 K temperatures, and therefore this temperature range was selected for the current study. The result is shown in Figure 5.…”

Section: Influence Of the Reduction Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This shows that under the condition of increased pressure, the graphite precipitation of the carbon monoxide is promoted to make a layer of graphite attached to the surface of particles, and this graphite is the main factor inhibiting sticking loss, which is consistent with the reported opinion [21][22][23][24]: graphite and the carbon in Fe3C can slow down the sticking loss of fine iron ore. Based on the above analyses, the appropriate pressure is 0.2 MPa. [11,25] found that the drag force of gas on a single particle can be expressed by the following formula:…”

Section: Verification Of the Optimum Operation Parameters For The Metmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has become the most important obstacle for the industrialized application of fluidized iron smelting technology. In order to effectively inhibit the sticking loss, many scholars have conducted research at atmospheric pressure [11][12][13]. However, in the process of non-blast furnace ironmaking, the gas-based reduction process is operated with pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Pressurized Decarbonization of CO on Inhibiting the Adhesion of Fine Iron Ore Particles

Liu

et al. 2018

Metals

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In this research, Australian fine iron ore is reduced by pressured carbon monoxide in a fluidized bed. This research aims to obtain the influence law of gas linear velocity, reduction pressure, reduction temperature, particle size, and reduction time on the reduction effect and the economic, convenient, and effective operating parameters, as well as clarify the effect of the pressurized decarbonization of CO, which inhibits the adhesion of fine iron ore particles during the reduction process. The experimental results show that the preferable operating parameters are a linear velocity of 0.8 m/s, reduction pressure of 0.2 MPa, reduction temperature of 1023 K, and particle size of 0.18 mm-0.66 mm. The graphite produced by the carbon precipitation reaction of carbon monoxide hinders the diffusion of iron atoms and avoids the direct contact between the iron atoms, thereby effectively controlling the sticking.

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Sticking in Shaft Furnace and Fluidized Bed Ironmaking Processes: A Comprehensive Review Focusing on the Effect of Coating Materials

Wang,

Purohit,

Paymooni

et al. 2024

Metall Mater Trans B

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Production of direct reduced iron (DRI), particularly with green hydrogen, is a key pathway to the decarbonization of the iron and steel industry. However, the sticking tendency during the production of DRI creates serious operational issues and limits production outputs. Coating inert materials on the surface of iron ores can act as a barrier to effectively prevent the bonding between newly formed iron surfaces, and can interfere with the formation of iron whiskers. However, the principle of coating has not been systematically studied. This review covers the mechanism of sticking in both shaft furnaces and fluidized bed-based gaseous DRI production. The factors that influence the reduction kinetics and morphology, including physical and chemical ore properties, pellet induration conditions, and reduction conditions are summarized as well. Understanding the relationship between these factors and morphology change is critical to eliminating the sticking issues of DRI. Findings from this study suggest that coating with inert additives (e.g., metal oxides) can successfully prevent sticking in both shaft furnaces and fluidized bed processes. The types of additives and coating methods, the stage of reduction where the coating is applied, and reduction temperature will dramatically affect the coating performance. The outlook is discussed as well given the need for further work to improve the performance of coating (methods, timing, and cheaper alternatives), to further de-risk DRI technologies.

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Parameters Optimization, Sticking Mechanism and Kinetics Analysis of Fine Iron Ore in Fluidized-Reduction Process

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

The Effect of Carbon Dissection of Waste Plastics on Inhibiting the Adhesion of Fine Iron Ore Particles during Hydrogen Reduction

The Effect of Carbon Dissection of Waste Plastics on Inhibiting the Adhesion of Fine Iron Ore Particles during Hydrogen Reduction

The Effect of Pressurized Decarbonization of CO on Inhibiting the Adhesion of Fine Iron Ore Particles

Sticking in Shaft Furnace and Fluidized Bed Ironmaking Processes: A Comprehensive Review Focusing on the Effect of Coating Materials

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