“…Under the operational environment of FRIENDSHIP-Framework, substantial changes to the hull form may be yielded from these control points (Lee, Kim, & Kang, 1995;Tahara, Wilson, Carrica, & Stern, 2006) and optimized geometric modeling is achieved as a result (Birk & Harries, 2003;Saha et al, 2004;Saha, Suzuki, & Kai, 2005). This method has been widely used (Campana, Peri, Tahara, & Stern, 2006;Chen & Huang, 2004;Harries & Abt, 1998;Harries, Abt, & Hochkirch, 2004;Kang & Lee, 2010;Mancuso, 2006;Sarioz, 2006;Pérez & Clemente, 2011;Ping, Xiang, & Hao, 2008). In this paper, the F-Spline curve has been chosen as the parametric representation for the transformation of the ship bulbous bow.…”