Parasympathetic reactivation in children: influence of two various modes of exercise

Ahmadian, Mehdi; Roshan, Valiollah Dabidi; Hosseinzadeh, Mahdi

doi:10.1007/s10286-015-0289-7

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…During the 5 min recovery period, it was reported that HR recovery as well as the recovery of RMSSD was more rapid following exercise involving a smaller muscle mass or energy expenditure (i.e., cycling > walking > running), with the authors therefore concluding that muscle mass and/or energy expenditure are determinants of post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation. Similarly, active children demonstrated more rapid HR and HRV recovery following maximal incremental arm-cranking vs. cycling (Ahmadian et al, 2015), The findings of these two studies were also consistent with those of other studies investigating HR recovery (without HRV measurement) following exercise mode comparisons such as cycling vs. running (Rahimi et al, 2006; Maeder et al, 2009) and cycling vs. arm-cranking (Ranadive et al, 2011). These studies also utilized maximal incremental exercise.…”

Section: Hrv During Post-exercise Recoverysupporting

confidence: 80%

“…HRV has also been employed as a tool to investigate post-exercise autonomic (predominantly parasympathetic) activity (Goldberger et al, 2006; Buchheit et al, 2007a, 2009a; Al Haddad et al, 2010; Stanley et al, 2013; Ahmadian et al, 2015). Upon exercise cessation, HR and HRV demonstrate a time-dependent recovery and eventual return to pre-exercise levels (Stanley et al, 2013).…”

Section: Hrv During Post-exercise Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiac Autonomic Responses during Exercise and Post-exercise Recovery Using Heart Rate Variability and Systolic Time Intervals—A Review

2017

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Cardiac parasympathetic activity may be non-invasively investigated using heart rate variability (HRV), although HRV is not widely accepted to reflect sympathetic activity. Instead, cardiac sympathetic activity may be investigated using systolic time intervals (STI), such as the pre-ejection period. Although these autonomic indices are typically measured during rest, the “reactivity hypothesis” suggests that investigating responses to a stressor (e.g., exercise) may be a valuable monitoring approach in clinical and high-performance settings. However, when interpreting these indices it is important to consider how the exercise dose itself (i.e., intensity, duration, and modality) may influence the response. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to review the literature regarding how the exercise dosage influences these autonomic indices during exercise and acute post-exercise recovery. There are substantial methodological variations throughout the literature regarding HRV responses to exercise, in terms of exercise protocols and HRV analysis techniques. Exercise intensity is the primary factor influencing HRV, with a greater intensity eliciting a lower HRV during exercise up to moderate-high intensity, with minimal change observed as intensity is increased further. Post-exercise, a greater preceding intensity is associated with a slower HRV recovery, although the dose-response remains unclear. A longer exercise duration has been reported to elicit a lower HRV only during low-moderate intensity and when accompanied by cardiovascular drift, while a small number of studies have reported conflicting results regarding whether a longer duration delays HRV recovery. “Modality” has been defined multiple ways, with limited evidence suggesting exercise of a greater muscle mass and/or energy expenditure may delay HRV recovery. STI responses during exercise and recovery have seldom been reported, although limited data suggests that intensity is a key determining factor. Concurrent monitoring of HRV and STI may be a valuable non-invasive approach to investigate autonomic stress reactivity; however, this integrative approach has not yet been applied with regards to exercise stressors.

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Section: Hrv During Post-exercise Recoverysupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Hrv During Post-exercise Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Autonomic Responses during Exercise and Post-exercise Recovery Using Heart Rate Variability and Systolic Time Intervals—A Review

2017

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“…These results can be supported by the physiological responses of the cardiovascular system to sedentary behaviour. Subjects with reduced mobility in the lower limbs activate physiological mechanisms of cardiac autonomic control, increasing HR in order to restore pressure and blood volume [27,28]. There are limited data available to support this responses in SB subjects [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data and statistical analysis HRR was calculated by the difference between the maximal HR and HR obtained punctually at the first and second minutes at recovery phase during the active cool-down period [HRR_1 = HR peak -HR at the first minute of recovery and HRR_2 = HR peak -HR at the second minute of recovery] [27]. The heart rate peak was the maximal heart rate obtained in the final test and peak oxygen uptake was calculated as the mean value over the final 30 seconds of the test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Autonomic Modulation of Heart Rate Recovery in Children with Spina Bifida

et al. 2021

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We aimed to analyse cardiac autonomic control by assessing the post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) and physical fitness in children and adolescents with spina bifida (SB), compared to participants with typical development. A total of 124 participants, 42 with spina bifida (SB group) and 82 typical developmental controls (CO group) performed the arm cranking exercise test with a gas analysis system. HRR was determined at the first (HRR_1) and second (HRR_2) minute at recovery phase. Data are shown as [mean difference (95% CI)]. The SB group showed reduced HR reserve [14.5 (7.1–22.0) bmp, P<0.01], slower HRR_1 [12.4 (7.4–17.5) bpm, P<0.01] and HRR_2 [16.3 (10.6–21.9) bpm; P<0.01], lower VO2peak [VO2peak relative: 7.3 (4.2–10.3) mL·min−1·kg−1, P<0.01; VO2peak absolute: 0.42 (0.30–0.54) L·min−1, P<0.01], and lower O2 pulse [2.5 (1.8–3.2) mL·bpm, P<0.01] and ventilatory responses [13.5 (8.8–18.1) L·min−1, P<0.01] than the CO group. VE/VO2 was not different between groups [−2.82 (−5.77– −0.12); P=0.06], but the VE/VCO2 [−2.59 (−4.40–0.78); P<0.01] and the values of the anaerobic threshold corrected by body mass [−3.2 (−5.8– −0.6) mL·min−1·kg−1, P=0.01] were higher in the SB group than in the CO group. We concluded that children and adolescents with SB have reduced physical fitness and a slower HRR response after maximal effort.

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“…Typically, HRV and HRR have been examined following moderate or maximal exercise (Ahmadian, Roshan, & Hosseinzadeh, 2015;Goulopoulou, Fernhall, & Kanaley, 2009;Goulopoulou et al, 2006;Medeiros, del Rosso, Leicht, Hautala, & Boullosa, 2017;Perkins, Jelinek, Al-Aubaidy, & de Jong, 2017). However, a few studies have investigated HRV and HRR following high intensity exercise (e.g., Wingate test) with the recovery of the vagal and sympathetic nervous systems dependent upon the exercise intensity undertaken (Pierpont & Voth, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of waterpipe smoking on cardiac autonomic function at rest and following high-intensity anaerobic exercise

Ahmadian¹,

Ghorbani²,

Roshan³

et al. 2018

Acta Gymnica

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Parasympathetic reactivation in children: influence of two various modes of exercise

Abstract: These results suggest that parasympathetic reactivation is likely greater following exercises that use smaller muscle mass (arm cranking) rather than larger muscle mass (cycling) in healthy boys.

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Cardiac Autonomic Responses during Exercise and Post-exercise Recovery Using Heart Rate Variability and Systolic Time Intervals—A Review

Cardiac Autonomic Responses during Exercise and Post-exercise Recovery Using Heart Rate Variability and Systolic Time Intervals—A Review

Cardiac Autonomic Modulation of Heart Rate Recovery in Children with Spina Bifida

Influence of waterpipe smoking on cardiac autonomic function at rest and following high-intensity anaerobic exercise

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