Parcelized Cut-and-Carry Agroforestry Systems for Confined Livestock

Abstract

We characterize a parcelized land management system that does not meet traditional co-located agroforestry practices in the tropics. A cut-and-carry agroforestry system for confined livestock emphasizes land utilization as a source of fodder, cutting and carrying feed from parcels to paddocks near a farmer’s home. It reduces feed cost by utilizing parcels under private, shared, and/or public ownership. Within cut-and-carry systems, we distinguish between those where parcels are managed as monocrops and traditional co-located agroforestry practices. Primary data for our case study were collected by surveying heads of household in Central Java, Indonesia, and analyzed following a capitals-based rural livelihoods framework. A sample of 122 farmers who managed parcels under co-located agroforestry practices was compared against 50 farmers who implemented parcelized monocropping. Overall, the adoption of cut-and-carry systems supports financial resiliency by limiting cash expenditures, facilitating income diversification, and producing assets that meet planned market opportunities and unforeseen cash needs. Survey results show that farmers who engage in parcelized agroforestry have more farming experience, higher farming income, are located at higher elevations, and live farther from the nearest local market. On-farm income among agroforestry cut-and-carry farmers was on average 11.1% higher than those using a cut-and-carry system but only adopting monocrop practices. Land as a biophysical capital asset under full private-ownership and at higher altitudes, and longer farming experience as a human capital asset, increased the likelihood of adopting parcelized co-located agroforestry practices. Membership in cash-crop cooperatives as a form of social capital asset was associated with a higher likelihood of managing land as parcelized monocrops.

Visual soil structure quality and its correlation to quantitative soil physical properties of upland rice site in Falcataria moluccana agroforestry system

“…Furthermore, rigorous land management must continue to be practiced to keep the visual soil structure quality score from deteriorating (Rathore et al 2020;Tormena et al 2016). Land degradation will occur if the monoculture system with conventional agriculture continues (Seruni et al 2021). Planting trees as a source of organic matter to reduce soil density is the major technique to enhance soil structure quality (Siqueira et al 2020).…”

Intercropping Tuber Crops with Teak in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

“…The intensification in agriculture planting patterns has occurred because of the increased land use in agriculture [26,27]. Intercropping in teak private forests plays a role in providing short-term (food), medium (livestock) and long-term (wood) needs for smallholders [26,27]. Teak has been the dominant tree in Gunungkidul private forests [28,29].…”

The Dynamics of Sustainable Livelihoods and Agroforestry in Gunungkidul Karst Area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

“…There have been several programs to increase farmers' knowledge of forest management, for instance, the establishment of Sekolah Lapangan (Field School) for farmers under the supervision of the Department of Forestry (Yumi et al, 2015) and the Master Treegrower Traning Program (Anggraini et al, 2021). Previous studies confirmed that the farmers' adoption of innovative approaches is low; hence it poses a challenge to modern forest management (Anggraini et al, 2021;Seruni et al, 2021). Rather than acquiring innovation, farmers who hold extensive lands are more likely to manage their timbers (Sabastian et al, 2014(Sabastian et al, , 2019.…”

“…Although there is a wealth of literature discussing the success of agroforestry, the dynamis of livelihoods due to political interventions in this karst landscape have not been widely covered. There have been several studies about teak agroforestry (Maharani et al, 2022;Roshetko et al, 2013;Udayana et al, 2020) and livelihoods (Seruni et al, 2021), but the political aspects are still missing, although several studies indicate that the successfulness of the agroforestry program in Gunungkidul was widely linked with political movements initiated by the governments. (Awang et al, 2001).…”