Parental bonding and emotional response to trauma: A study of rape victims

Hauck, Simone; Schestatsky, Sidnei Samuel; Terra, Luciana; Kruel, Letícia Rosito Pinto; Ceitlin, Lúcia Helena Freitas

doi:10.1080/10503300500477596

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…One of these studies involving 777 inner-city women found that high social support predicted lower PTSD severity for women who experienced both child abuse and adult rape, but not for women with one or none of these two experiences (Schumm, Briggs-Phillips, & Hobfoll, 2006). In another study of female rape victims, poor parental bonding was associated with worse mental health outcomes such that less affectionate and more controlling fathers were associated with acute stress disorder and greater clinical severity (Hauck, Schestatsky, Terra, Kruel, & Ceitlin, 2007). Finally, Tarakeshwar, Hansen, Kochman, Fox, and Sikkema (2006) found that among women with human immunodeficiency virus and childhood sexual abuse greater resiliency (measured as a latent variable reflecting optimism, perceived availability of social support, religiosity, and growth and meaning) was associated with a greater willingness to address prior trauma experiences.…”

Section: R E S I L I E N C E a S P R O T E C T I V E F A C T O R Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience and crime victimization

Dutton

Greene

2010

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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What do we know about resilience in crime victimization? In this article, the authors discuss resilience defined as protective factors (e.g., personality characteristics, biological characteristics, social and cultural factors, and community characteristics); as a process of adaptation (e.g., self-enhancement, positive cognitive appraisals, coping styles, and spirituality), including an iterative perspective on resilience as a cascade of protective processes; and as positive outcomes (e.g., lack of symptoms) following exposure to adverse events. Within each of these definitional frameworks, they consider general conceptual issues pertaining to resilience and then the small body of research that has focused specifically on resilience and some type of crime victimization. Research and clinical implications are discussed.

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Section: R E S I L I E N C E a S P R O T E C T I V E F A C T O R Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience and crime victimization

Dutton

Greene

2010

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“… 12 It has also been identified as a predictor of PTSD in a number of individual studies. 13 – 17 Other risk factors for PTSD include a personal history of psychiatric treatment 12 , 18 , 19 ; perceived life threat during the trauma, 12 , 19 prior traumas, and multiple traumas 6 , 20 ; childhood abuse 6 , 21 , 22 ; and sexual abuse. 6 , 22 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the majority of trauma survivors do not go on to develop PTSD, posttrauma protective factors and, in particular, resilience are thought to be salient. 35 Protective factors against the development of PTSD in rape and sexual assault survivors include positive social support, 22 , 36 – 38 strong religious beliefs, 39 positive coping styles, 38 , 40 , 41 self-efficacy, 41 , 42 parental affection, 18 high internal locus of control, 41 and the finding of meaning in the experience. 37 , 39 Various studies have found a link between unresolved attachment (in adults), disorganized/insecure attachment (in infants), and increased likelihood of traumatic dissociation and PTSD symptom severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Dissociation as a Predictor of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in South African Female Rape Survivors

et al. 2015

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Women survivors of rape are at an increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Traumatic dissociation has been identified as a precursor of PTSD. This study assessed the predictive potential of traumatic dissociation in PTSD and depression development.The study followed a longitudinal, prospective design. Ninety-seven female rape survivors were recruited from 2 clinics in Cape Town, South Africa. Clinical interviews and symptom status assessments of the participants were completed to measure dissociation, childhood traumas, resilience, depression, and PTSD.Traumatic dissociation was a significant predictor of PTSD and depression. The linear combination of prior dissociation, current dissociation, and resilience significantly explained 20.7% of the variance in PTSD. Dissociation mediated the relationship between resilience and PTSD.As traumatic dissociation significantly predicts PTSD, its early identification and management may reduce the risk of developing PTSD. Interventions focused on promoting resilience may also be successful in reducing the risk of dissociation following rape.

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“…The Portuguese version of the BDI is validated 26 and an adaptation of the DTS was made to our culture. 27 The Standardized Assessment of Personality -Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS) 22 consists of a structured and short interview for personality disorders, to be used in routine clinical care. SAPAS scores of 3 or higher at screening correctly identify the presence of a personality disorder (DSM-IV criteria) in 90% of the participants.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Countertransference in the initial visit of women victims of sexual violence

Eizirik

Schestatsky

Kruel

et al. 2010

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To identify demographic and clinical correlates associated with therapists' countertransference feelings on the first visit of women victims of sexual violence. Method: Forty patients were seen by 26 therapists, during 2 consecutive years, at the Center for the Study and Treatment of Psychological Trauma, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil. After the first visit with the patient, the therapist completed the Assessment of Countertransference Scale and the patient was evaluated with the Davidson Trauma Scale, the Standardized Assessment of Personality -Abbreviated Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Defense Style Questionnaire. Results: The therapists showed a predominance of feelings of closeness (Mean = 5.42, SD = 1.25) in relation to the feelings of indifference (Mean = 1.82, SD = 1.22) and distance (Mean = 1.57, SD = 1.08) [p < 0.001]. Multivariate analyses did not present significant associations between countertransference feelings and clinical characteristics of patients. The gender of the therapists did not influence the pattern of countertransference feelings. In the subgroup of female therapists, we detected an inverse correlation between a higher probability of patients' personality disorders and feelings of closeness in the therapists. Conclusion: We did not detect a differential pattern of countertransference feelings associated with specific clinical characteristics. Therapists of both genders presented a similar pattern of feelings of empathy towards women victims of sexual violence, although the gender of the therapist may moderate the feelings evoked by patients with increased likelihood of personality disorders. Descriptors

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Parental bonding and emotional response to trauma: A study of rape victims

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Resilience and crime victimization

Resilience and crime victimization

Traumatic Dissociation as a Predictor of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in South African Female Rape Survivors

Countertransference in the initial visit of women victims of sexual violence

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