Parental Self-Efficacy Dan Praktik Pengasuhan Menentukan Perilaku Agresif Anak Usia Prasekolah

Abstract

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku agresif pada anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian ini melibatkan 36 keluarga dengan anak usia prasekolah yang dipilih secara purposive. Kriteria contoh pada penelitian ini adalah ibu sebagai pengasuh utama dan memiliki anak bersekolah di dua lembaga PAUD yang berlokasi di Desa Ciasmara, Kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari separuh ibu memiliki parental self-efficacy di atas rata-rata. Hal ini berarti lebih dari separuh ibu pada penelitian ini memiliki keyakinan yang tinggi akan kemampuannya dalam mengasuh anak. Praktik pengasuhan pada dimensi pendisiplinan yang dilakukan ibu terlihat dalam bentuk pemberian hukuman berupa pengambilan kesenangan anak seperti tidak boleh bermain, menonton TV, atau jajan. Sementara itu, praktik pengasuhan negatif ditunjukkan dengan orang tua lebih sering mengancam menghukum anak untuk menghentikan perilaku anak yang tidak baik. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa hampir dua pertiga anak berperilaku agresif di bawah rata-rata. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan pengaruh antara parental self-efficacy dan praktik pengasuhan negatif terhadap perilaku agresif anak usia prasekolah.Kata kunci: anak usia prasekolah, parental self-efficacy, perilaku agresif, praktik pengasuhan Parental Self-Efficacy and Parenting Practice to Aggressive Behavior in Preschool Children AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the factors which influence aggressive behavior. This study involved 36 families with preschool children, which were chosen purposively. The sample criteria of this study were mothers as primary caregiver who have children that was become students in early childhood care in Ciasmara Village, Pamijahan Sub District, Bogor District. The data were collected by interview technique using questionnaire. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression test. The results showed that more than half of mothers had above average parental self-efficacy. This means that more than half of mothers in this study have high confidence in their ability to care for children. Parenting practice, especially in discipline parental dimension of mothers, was in the form of giving punishment like prohibit children to do what she/he likes such as prohibit to play, to watch TV or to buy snack. Moreover, negative parenting practices were shown in the form of not threatening to punish a child for stopping child's bad behavior. The result also showed that almost two-thirds of children behave aggressively below average. The results of this study found an influence of parental self-efficacy and negative parenting practices on aggressive behavior of preschool children.

Parenting Styles and Their Impacts on Child Problem Behaviors

“…For example, a study by Hariyani et al (2013) involving 30 parents of children at a kindergarten in Pontianak revealed no significant relationships between parenting styles (rejection, overprotective, acceptance, and permissive parenting) and children's aggression (disturbing playmates, cursing, and bullying). On the contrary, a study by Rachmawati and Hastuti (2017) among 36 parents of young children in Ciasmara village, Bogor, showed that the significant predictors for children's aggressive behaviors (i.e., showing anger, using harsh words, and performing physical attacks) were negatively correlated with parenting practices characterized by strict discipline, anger, and inconsistent parenting. Another study by Zakiyah (2017) with 41 parents of children aged 1-3 years in Pelem, Bantul, indicated significant positive correlations between parenting styles and children's temper tantrums.…”

“…It appears that studies of parenting and problem behaviors in early childhood, particularly in Indonesia, are still limited, and they did not consistently show significant results. In general, the existing research focuses only on a certain form of problem behaviors such as aggression (Hariyani, Marmawi, & Sutarmanto, 2013;Rachmawati & Hastuti, 2017) and temper tantrums (Watiningsih, Rismayanti, & Sriastiyani, 2018;Zakiyah, 2017). For example, a study by Hariyani et al (2013) involving 30 parents of children at a kindergarten in Pontianak revealed no significant relationships between parenting styles (rejection, overprotective, acceptance, and permissive parenting) and children's aggression (disturbing playmates, cursing, and bullying).…”

Faktor-Faktor Objektif Dan Subjektif Yang Memprediksi Mindful Parenting Pada Ibu Di Indonesia

“…pada pengasuhan, rasa kompeten pengasuhan yang tinggi ditemukan memprediksi praktik pengasuhan yang positif (Dumka et al, 2010), juga dapat membantu orang tua untuk menikmati peran sebagai orang tua dan dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan dalam pengasuhan melalui perilaku suportif yang lebih intens dan efektif dalam penerapan disiplin dan pemantauan (Shumow & Lomax, 2002;Slagt et al, 2012). Sebaliknya, rasa kompeten yang rendah ditemukan berpengaruh terhadap praktik pengasuhan yang negatif (Rachmawati & Hastuti, 2017).…”

Praktik Pengasuhan, Keterlibatan Orang Tua Di Sekolah, Konsep Diri Anak, Dan Kesiapan Sekolah

“…Berbeda halnya ketika anak menerima pengasuhan orang tua yang negatif berupa pengabaian, penolakan, dan lingkungan rumah yang kurang mendukung dalam menstimulasi berdampak pada kurang optimalnya pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak (Dewanggi, Hastuti, & Hernawati, 2012;Rachmawati & Hastuti, 2017). Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa perubahan struktur dalam keluarga akan berdampak pada kurang optimalnya peran pengasuhan orang tua yang diberikan pada anak.…”