Parents' care and career: comparing parental leave policies

Henau, Jérôme De; Meulders, Danièle; O'Dorchai, Sile Padraigin

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511493409.004

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It is also important for leave to be granted as an individual right not transferable between partners. Indeed, there is a positive correlation between parental leave legislation and the share of fathers in the overall period of leave taken by parents (De Henau et al, 2007). Similarly, father-friendly legislation is correlated with both absolute and relative levels of fathers' time spent caring for children (Smith and Williams, 2007).…”

Section: Leaves Schemes For Mothers and Fathersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, leave is associated with an increase in women's employment in the short run, but with a reduction in the relative wages and in the quality of their jobs in the long one. A vicious circle seems to operate: allowing a woman to take leave of absence, especially if for long time, further exacerbates unequal treatment in the labour market, causing human capital depreciation but also emitting negative signals to employers (De Henau et al, 2007).…”

Section: Leaves Schemes For Mothers and Fathersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using EU SILC, Reich (2011) shows that the father's exclusive entitlement to use parental leave at a high replacement rate is positive and significant in all models for mother's employment and wages. In general, policies that "familialise" men -that is, which allow fathers to spend time caring for children with a low wage penalty -indirectly support maternal employment because they may favour a redistribution of caring responsibilities and may reduce the negative signalling effect on the part of women to employers (European Childcare Network, 1994;De Henau et al, 2007;Gornick and Meyers, 2003). The Oecd and Missoc databases allow to reconstruct the leave systems of the different countries in the EU.…”

Section: Leaves Schemes For Mothers and Fathersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Women's and men’s career interruptions in Europe : the role of social policies1

Musumeci¹,

Solera²

2013

osb

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How do countries differ in the type and level of women's and men's labour-market participation around parenthood? What are the models of interruptions prevalent? What is their impact on subsequent participation and wages? How does this impact depend on duration, type and "gender" of interruptions? How such impact is connected to the different social policies offered? Drawing on existing comparative datasets and offering a synthesis of the main "facts" and arguments provided so far in the literature, this paper addresses these questions by looking both at women and men and at similarities and differences within enlarged Europe. It shows that there is clearly a cost to employment discontinuities, either for unemployment or family-care, in terms of current and future participation, career opportunities, and wages, and these costs are institutionally and culturally embedded. Costs for parenthood, which are still the highest and the most "gendered", are minimal in countries that spend more on families and, within such investment, that spend more on childcare services than on cash transfers. Moreover, they are lowest in countries where rights to leaves are individual-based, where fathers have paternity leaves or a specific reserved quota in the parental leaves, where wage compensation is high throughout the period, and where length is overall relatively short.

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Section: Leaves Schemes For Mothers and Fathersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leaves Schemes For Mothers and Fathersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leaves Schemes For Mothers and Fathersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Women's and men’s career interruptions in Europe : the role of social policies1

Musumeci¹,

Solera²

2013

osb

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“…The most restrictive requirements are in Portugal where both the parents have to be employed, while the least restrictive are in Austria, where they only need to show to be eligible for family allowances. 5 De Henau et al, 2007) Another policy which does not constitute the object of the study but can affect the return to work is the availability of childcare. The possibility of working when the child is young is constrained by the availability of childcare and, later, by the pre-primary and primary school system.…”

Section: The Institutional Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And, indeed, the length and the features of statutory parental leave differ substantially across Europe: from the minimum of 3 months to a 2 The first country to introduce the parental leave was Finland in 1978, followed by Austria in 1979. 3 As clear in part 2, I call "maternity leave" the short, almost mandatory, paid leave, taken just after childbirth, exclusively for the mother; while I call "parental leave" the optional, longer, not always paid leave, which follows the "maternity" leave and can be shared with the partner (following De Henau et al, 2007). Many papers call "parental" what for Europe is closer to the "maternity" definition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Return to work after childbirth: does parental leave matter in Europe?

Pronzato

2009

Rev Econ Household

103

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to investigate the role of the extended parental leave in the return to work for mothers of newborn children. Parental leaves have been introduced in the last 30 years in all European countries in order to extend the period of job-protection, allowing both parents to care for the child after the maternity leave period has expired. In this paper, I exploit the variability in policies offered by the EU countries, in terms of length of the leave and payments, and I study the influence of statutory leaves on the probability of staying at home with the child during the leave, and on the probability of working in the period of time following the leave. Using data from ECHP, I select women who have a child in the years of the survey, who have worked before, and I follow them over time. After studying the determinants of the return to work in each country separately, I generalize the results, matching women with similar human capital characteristics and fertility history from different countries and, consequently, under different parental leave regulations. Results suggest that the right to long and paid leaves gives mothers the opportunity to remain at home with the child at a lower cost, and that lengthy statutory leaves are associated with being more likely to be at work in the period following the leave.Keywords: parental leaves, women's labour supply, childbirth, childcare JEL classification: J13, J22 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYAlthough female labour market participation has increased everywhere, women are still likely to interrupt their career when they have a child, for a period of time longer than the basic maternity leave.The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of extended parental leave in the return to work for mothers of newborn children, exploiting the variability in policies across EU countries, in terms of length of the leave and payments during the period. Parental leaves (also called "child care" leaves) have been introduced in the last 30 years 1 in all European countries in order to extend the period of jobprotection, allowing both parents to care for the child after the maternity leave period has expired.Generally, supporters of these policies claim that leave results in healthier children and a better position for women in the labour market, while opponents state that these restrictions can adversely affect women's careers. What is the effect of providing long period...

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Child penalty in Russia: evidence from an event study

2022

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In this paper, we investigate the child penalty in Russia using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) and the methodological framework of event studies. We find that five years after childbirth, women suffer an earnings penalty, while no effect is observed for men. The mothers’ penalty stems exclusively from lower employment after childbirth. Contrary to similar studies on Western Europe and the US, we do not find penalties in terms of working hours or hourly wage rates for women who remain in the labour force. We further find that mothers’ employment penalty is strongly driven by household characteristics and by their spouses’ beliefs. Finally, we find that parenthood decreases the probability of working in supervisory positions for mothers and in the public sector for fathers.

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Parents' care and career: comparing parental leave policies

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Women's and men’s career interruptions in Europe : the role of social policies1

Women's and men’s career interruptions in Europe : the role of social policies1

Return to work after childbirth: does parental leave matter in Europe?

Child penalty in Russia: evidence from an event study

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