This paper examines how child-related public policies influence women's employment in Europe. The analysis compares the difference in employment status between partnered mothers and nonmothers across the EU-15 using a wide range of self-constructed indicators of child policies such as childcare provision, parental leave, and tax-cash benefits. Using the recycled predictions method, it is possible to isolate the impact of the presence of a child from other characteristics likely to influence women's labor-market outcomes. Country-specific employment gaps among women are computed at different ages for the youngest child, for different outcomes (inactivity and part-time or full-time work), and for different levels of education. The main conclusion is that when it comes to securing equal labor-market access and conditions for mothers of young children and non-mothers, public childcare provision has the strongest impact. In the absence of public childcare, not even the most highly educated mothers can cope.Labor-market conditions, social policies, postponement of maternity, synthetic indicators, dual-earner couples, fertility,

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The persistent employment crisis that dogged all of the countries of the European Community, with the exception of Luxembourg, throughout the 1980s has led to the spread of all sorts ofjobs which cannot be compared with full-time, life-time work: part-time employment; temporary employment; jobs created by the public authorities; and work experience schemes for young people, as well as jobs with varied or unusual schedules.The present study follows the evolution of the principal forms of atypical employment during three periods (1983-1985, 1985-1990 and 1990-1994), revealing the constants and the variations, as well as the national divergences in the development of the methods offlexibility and of organisation of working time. The first part looks at divergences and convergences, whilst a second highlights the localisation of the types of atypical employment in certain segments of the labour market. RbsumbLa persistance, durant le de'but des anne'es quatre-vingt, dune crise de l'emploi dans tous les pays de la Comrnunauti europe'enne, d l'exception du Luxembourg, a favorise' la prolifiration qualitative et quantitative demplois qui ne peuvent Ctre compare's a des emplois a temps plein et a dure'e inde'termine'e: l'emploi a mi-temps, l'emploi temporaire, les emplois cre'e's par les autorite's puhliques, et les stages en entreprise, ainsi que les ernplois a horaires varie's et anormaux.

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