Partial Enteral Nutrition Mitigated Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Damage of Rat Small Intestinal Barrier

Abstract

Background and Aims: This study was designed to investigate a relatively optimum dose of partial enteral nutrition (PEN) which effectively attenuates intestinal barrier dysfunction initiated by ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods: In experiment 1, 60 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to intestinal IRI and assigned to six groups according to the different proportion of EN administrations: namely total parenteral nutrition (TPN or 0%EN), 10%EN, 20%EN, 40%EN, 60%EN, and total enteral nutrition (TEN or 100%) groups, the deficits of intraluminal calorie were supplemented by PN. In experiment 2, 50 male SD rats were subjected to intestinal IRI and divided into five groups based on the results of experiment 1: TPN, TEN, 20%EN, TPN plus pretreatment with NF-κB antagonist 30 min before IRI (TPN+PDTC), and TPN plus pretreatment with HIF-1α antagonist 30 min before IRI (TPN+YC-1) groups. Results: In experiment 1, previous IRI combined with subsequent EN shortage disrupted the structure of intestinal epithelial cell and tight junctions (TJs). While 20% dose of EN had an obviously protective effect on these detrimental consequences. In experiment 2, compared with TPN only, 20%EN exerted a significant protection of barrier function of intestinal epithelium. Analogous results were observed when TPN combined with specific NF-κB/HIF-1α inhibitors (PDTC and YC-1). Meanwhile, the expression of NF-κB/HIF-1α had a similar trend among the groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that 20%EN is the minimally effective dosage of EN which promotes the recovery of intestinal barrier function after IRI in a rat model. Furthermore, we discreetly speculate that this benefit is, at least partly, related to NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway expression.

Hydrogen-rich saline protects intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier in rats with intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis pathway

“…This suffices to show the importance of normal expression of TJ proteins. It is one of the important strategies to reduce IIRI to explore the regulation of expression levels of TJ proteins to maintain the integrity of intestinal epithelial TJ barrier [1,3,[32][33][34][35].…”

“…Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process, which often occurs in acute and severe diseases such as intussusception, midgut volvulus, mesenteric embolism, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, severe trauma and shock. IIRI led to a dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier [1]. The intestinal epithelial barrier, composed of epithelial cells and the intercellular tight junctions (TJs), is the sum of the structures and functions that can prevent harmful bacteria and toxins from entering the blood and remote tissues or organs through intestinal mucosa [2].…”

“…The damage of intestinal epithelial cells caused by ischemia-reperfusion seriously affects the integrity of the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier [3]. TJs which to selectively regulate the size and charge of permeable substances are important structural basis of intestinal epithelial barrier [1,4]. Strategies to reduce intestinal epithelial cells damage to maintain the integrity of the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier can alleviate IIRI.…”

A Comparison of Gastric and Jejunal Feeding in Hypercatabolism Associated With Hypothalamic AMPK‐Autophagy‐POMC in Endotoxemic Rats

“…For EN through jejunal tube, a puncture through the jejunum 20 cm away from the flexor ligament was made with a thick needle, 2.5 cm of the tube was inserted distally into the jejunum, and a purse‐string suture was made. The tube was then fixed to the jejunum around a ridge by medical adhesive . The tube was tunneled subcutaneously and exited at the midpoint of the tail.…”

“…The tube was then fixed to the jejunum around a ridge by medical adhesive. 23 The tube was tunneled subcutaneously and exited at the midpoint of the tail. Then, all rats received 0.9% saline through the tube for 48 hours during surgical recovery.…”