A dichotomy exists in the engineering design process between 1) product teams organized to engineer products collaboratively, and 2) the single-user architectures inherent in computers and computer-aided design applications (CAx). Selective design authority is typically assigned to individuals within a product team; they become contributors in a serialized design process largely driven by a set of core CAx applications. Unfortunately, single-user serial architectures inhibit concurrent engineering, in spite of the numerous research efforts into product team cooperation, functional constraints, and data/model propagation and transparency. By surveying modern collaborative technologies, including modern internet gaming, and by also demonstrating our own collaborative CAx prototypes, we draw some interesting conclusions as to collaborative limitations. From these conclusions we propose research that will hopefully formalize and focus the multiuser collaborative agenda, including computer and networking architectures, user interfaces, and CAx applications.
This thesis focuses on the design and development of a flexible context architecture for a multiuser GUI that serves several users engaged in collaborative computer-aided applications (CAx). The objective of this thesis is to extend previous research into multiuser GUI's by providing multiple users with a flexible context interface for interaction with other users working on the same part at distributed locations. The investigation will consider how distributed users, through user interfaces, interact to simultaneously build models and how interaction context might be presented to regulate the way they wish to interact. The implementation integrates a MultiUser GUI (MUG) with NX Connect, a multiuser CAD prototype for Siemens NX. NX MUG uses agent software to render the user prototype outside of NX and NX Connect. This generalizes the interface so that it could be used with other engineering applications where several users wish to collaborate. The Multiuser GUI enables users to view a collaborating user's workspace, send/receive messages between multi-users, and is capable of translating text interactions in different languages, while skyping with other users. This research will have a profound impact on collaborative teams in reducing barriers to effective communication. This research will also enhance the existing NX Connect multiuser prototype by providing collaborative interaction support among the multi-users.
BackgroundIt has been reported that intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) is closely related to in ammatory response, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Ellagic acid (EA) has been proved to have antioxidant and antiin ammatory effects, and can inhibit tumor angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of EA on IIRI in mice.
MethodsA mouse model of IIRI was established by clamping the mesenteric artery. Effects and mechanisms of EA on IIRI were investigate by transcriptomics combined with functional experiments.
ResultsThe symptoms of IIRI were re ected in signi cant increases in in ammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β; signi cant increases in oxidative stress indicators such as MDA and GSH and decreases in SOD and promotion of the apoptotic protein Bax/Bcl-2. These indicators were signi cantly alleviated by EA.And after EA treatment, transcriptomics results identi ed AKT1 differentially expressed mRNAs mainly enriched in PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.
ConclusionThis study illustrates the protective effects against IIRI, the possible mechanisms were also studied. This study provides new scienti c information for the application of EA in IIRI therapy.
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