The need to introduce new approaches to increase the level of combat capability of military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is due to the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. This requires a reasonable approach to issues of improving the activities of commanders (commanders, chiefs) and their deputies in order to increase the combat capability of subordinate military units (subunits), which is not possible without the use of appropriate scientific and methodological apparatus. On the basis of scientific and methodical approaches to the evaluation of individual components (indicators) of the combat capability of military organizational structures and the experience of conducting inspections of the combat readiness of military units, the article outlines a methodical approach to assessing the level of combat capability of a military unit. Indicators that have a direct impact on the level of combat capability of a military unit include: "PERSONNEL", which characterizes its level of staffing and their moral and psychological state; "PREPAREDNESS", which characterizes the level of individual training (training of servicemen) and the level of collective training (coherence in the composition of structural units); "WEAPONS", which characterizes the level of provision of the military unit with serviceable regular samples of weapons and military equipment; "SUPPLY", which characterizes the level of provision of the military unit with usable material and technical means. This methodical approach makes it possible to carry out a quantitative assessment of the level of combat capability of a military unit to perform assigned tasks, as well as to identify problematic issues based on its indicators. The results of the conducted research can be practically used during the evaluation of the combat capability of military units, during the development of guiding documents regulating the specified issue, as well as in the course of further research in this direction in scientific institutions.