Partial suppression of cellulase action by artificial lignification of cellulose

Gressel, Jonathan; Vered, Y.; Bar-lev, S.; Milstein, O.; Flowers, Harold M.

doi:10.1016/0304-4211(83)90042-1

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the plant cell walls, FA and pCA are bound through ester and ether linkages to cell wall polysaccharides, arabinoxylans of Gramineae or pectins of dicotyledons. In artificial lignified cell walls, phenolic‐mediated cross‐linking is necessary for lignin to inhibit cellulose degradation by both isolated cellulose and rumen microbes 16, 17…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestibility of silages in relation to their hydroxycinnamic acid content and lignin composition

Taboada¹,

Novo-Uzal

Flores³

et al. 2010

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of the analysis of cell wall‐bound hydroxycinnamic acids and the composition of lignin to evaluate the in vivo digestibility of a silage collection with unknown botanical composition was evaluated. RESULTS: Syringyl units content and total etherified phenols showed the highest correlation coefficients with in vivo dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (r = − 0.792 and r = − 0.703, respectively), while guaiacyl units and total phenols showed the highest correlation coefficients with in vivo organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) (r = − 0.871 and r = − 0.817, respectively). Using the above‐mentioned chemical parameters, 10 equations were also developed to predict in vivo digestibility. The prediction of IVDMD produced a high adjusted R2 value (0.710) using syringyl, total lignin, etherified total phenols, esterified ferulic acid and total phenol content as predictors. The prediction of IVOMD produced a higher adjusted R2 value (0.821) using guaiacyl, total phenols, total ferulic acid and etherified p‐coumaric acid content as predictors. CONCLUSION: Cell wall digestibility depends on a multiplicity of factors and it is not possible to attribute a causal effect on in vivo digestibility to any single factor. However, syringyl and guaiacyl content and etherified phenols emerge as good predictors of digestibility. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestibility of silages in relation to their hydroxycinnamic acid content and lignin composition

Taboada¹,

Novo-Uzal

Flores³

et al. 2010

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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“…Studies using isolated cellulose and a model polymer (polyeugenol) for lignin indicated that digestibility is reduced only when polysaccharides are chemically cross linked to lignin [90,91]. Grass lignin is cross linked to arabinoxylans by ferulate and diferulate molecules that are esterified to arabinoxylan and covalently linked to lignin by ether and other bonds (Fig.…”

Section: Novel Lignin Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying crops to increase cell wall digestibility

2012

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Improving digestibility of roughage cell walls will improve ruminant animal performance and reduce loss of nutrients to the environment. The main digestibility impediment for dicotyledonous plants is highly lignified secondary cell walls, notably in stem secondary xylem, which become almost non-digestible. Digestibility of grasses is slowed severely by lignification of most tissues, but these cell walls remain largely digestible. Cell wall lignification creates an access barrier to potentially digestible wall material by rumen bacteria if cells have not been physically ruptured. Traditional breeding has focused on increasing total dry matter digestibility rather than cell wall digestibility, which has resulted in minimal reductions in cell wall lignification. Brown midrib mutants in some annual grasses exhibit small reductions in lignin concentration and improved cell wall digestibility. Similarly, transgenic approaches down-regulating genes in monolignol synthesis have produced plants with reduced lignin content and improved cell wall digestibility. While major reductions in lignin concentration have been associated with poor plant fitness, smaller reductions in lignin provided measurable improvements in digestibility without significantly impacting agronomic fitness. Additional targets for genetic modification to enhance digestibility and improve roughages for use as biofuel feedstocks are discussed; including manipulating cell wall polysaccharide composition, novel lignin structures, reduced lignin/polysaccharide cross-linking, smaller lignin polymers, enhanced development of non-lignified tissues, and targeting specific cell types. Greater tissue specificity of transgene expression will be needed to maximize benefits while avoiding negative impacts on plant fitness.cauliflower mosiac virus (CaMV) 35S promoter.

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“…Early studies with a synthetic lignin model (polyeugenol) complex with cellulose indicated that crosslinking was necessary for lignin to inhibit cellulose degradation by both isolated cellulase and rumen microbes (Gressel et al, 1983;Jung and Ralph, 1990). Both ferulate monomers and dimers have been identified as being cross-linking agents in grasses (Iiyama et al, 1990;Ralph et al, 1992Ralph et al, , 1994.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Stem Tissues: Impact of Development on Cell Wall Degradability

Jung

Casler

2006

Crop Science

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Grass degradability declines as cell wall and lignin concentrations increase during maturation. The role of tissue development and lignification in decline of stem degradability was examined in maize (Zea mays L.) internodes sampled at 10 stages of growth from early elongation through plant physiological maturity. The fourth elongated internode above ground level was collected from three maize hybrids grown in a 2‐yr, replicated field trial at St. Paul, MN. Internode cross‐sections and ground samples were incubated in vitro for 24‐ and 96‐h with rumen microbes. Tissue degradation was examined by light microscopy and degradability of cell wall polysaccharide components from ground internodes was determined. All tissues in elongating internodes were completely degradable except for protoxylem vessels, which was the only lignified tissue. After elongation, degradability of all tissues declined markedly except for phloem, which never lignified. Tissues with thick, lignified secondary walls (sclerenchyma and rind‐region parenchyma) required longer incubation times for observable degradation. Cell wall polysaccharide components were highly degradable in immature internodes, but degradability declined after elongation and reached a minimum by Sampling Date 8, with glucose and xylose residues having the greatest reductions in degradability. Cell wall polysaccharide degradation was related to lignin concentration and ferulate cross‐linking in a complex manner.

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Partial suppression of cellulase action by artificial lignification of cellulose

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Digestibility of silages in relation to their hydroxycinnamic acid content and lignin composition

Digestibility of silages in relation to their hydroxycinnamic acid content and lignin composition

Modifying crops to increase cell wall digestibility

Maize Stem Tissues: Impact of Development on Cell Wall Degradability

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