“…Cognitive engagement can be defined as students' perseverance or level of investment and willingness to do what is more than necessary to comprehend the learning materials (Fredricks et al, 2004;Parsons, Nuland, & Parsons, 2014;Pickering, 2017). Students' lack of cognitive engagement in online discussion is exhibited by a lack of quality (Hew & Cheung, 2003), originality (Kurnaz et al, 2018), critical thinking (Hew & Cheung, 2003;Hew, Cheung, & Ng, 2010;Wickersham, L., & Dooley, K., 2006), and depth of interaction (De Wever, Keer, Schellens, & Valcke, 2010;Kurnaz et al, 2018). Also, students are not willing to put forth effort to master concepts (Fredricks et al, 2004;Fredricks & McColskey, 2012).…”