Passive Beam-Steering Gravitational Liquid Antennas

Song, Chaoyun; Bennett, Elliot L.; Xiao, Jianliang; Jia, Tianyuan; Pei, Rui; Luk, Kwai‐Man; Huang, Yi

doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2937362

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to the well-known reconfigurability of a liquid antenna in frequency, radiation pattern and polarization as already mentioned, a very special design utilizing two liquids of different permittivities has achieved passive beam steering due to the fluidity and gravity of the liquid, without using electrical or mechanical steering system [23]. The antenna is presented in Fig.…”

Section: B Ionic Liquid Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They soon realized the many advantages of using water to make a DRA: "the dielectric can easily be constrained to the desired shape; there are no airgaps between the probe and the dielectric, or between the dielectric and the conducting plane; when dealing with physically large DRAs at low frequencies, water is a low cost and readily accessible material with a high dielectric constant." Since then, the interest in developing liquid antennas has been growing steadily [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], because it has been gradually realized the potential benefits of the liquid antenna which is not just another DRA, but an antenna may offer what a conventional solid DRA cannot offer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Liquid Antennas: Past, Present and Future

Huang

Xing

Song

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The liquid antenna, as a new member of the antenna family, has drawn significant and increasing attention from both academia and industry due to its unique features. In this paper, a comprehensive review on this technology is presented which covers both metallic and non-metallic liquid antennas. Non-metallic liquid antennas are further divided into water-based and non-water-based liquid antennas. We first review and compare different liquid antennas and highlight the major developments in the past. Detailed discussions on state-of-the-art designs and current technical challenges are then presented, and finally the ways forward for the future are suggested. As a special feature, an in-depth review and discussion on materials for liquid antennas are provided which was not well covered in the literature in the past, important properties of selected materials are given in three comparison tables which can serve as antenna material selection references. It is shown that Galinstan is probably the best choice for metallic liquid antennas while ionic liquid materials are the preferred choice for dielectric liquid antennas. The challenges of making the liquid antenna for real-world applications are identified and discussed. It is believed that a liquid antenna implemented in radio systems is probably just around the corner.

show abstract

Section: B Ionic Liquid Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Antennas: Past, Present and Future

Huang

Xing

Song

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This gravitational technique can be applied for the liquid-based antenna design as well. For example, in Reference [106], a cylindrical DRA filled with two types of liquids was used to stir the radiation pattern. The advantage of such technique is that no liquid pumping is required unlike in any of the previously discussed designs.…”

Section: Gravitational Tuningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Reconfigurable Liquid Dielectric Antennas

Motovilova

Huang

2020

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The advancements in wireless communication impose a growing range of demands on the antennas performance, requiring multiple functionalities to be present in a single device. To satisfy these different application needs within a limited space, reconfigurable antennas are often used which are able to switch between a number of states, providing multiple functions using a single antenna. Electronic switching components, such as PIN diodes, radio-frequency micromechanical systems (RF-MEMS), and varactors, are typically used to achieve antenna reconfiguration. However, some of these approaches have certain limitations, such as narrow bandwidth, complex biasing circuitry, and high activation voltages. In recent years, an alternative approach using liquid dielectric materials for antenna reconfiguration has drawn significant attention. The intrinsic conformability of liquid dielectric materials allows us to realize antennas with desired reconfigurations with different physical constraints while maintaining high radiation efficiency. The purpose of this review is to summarize different approaches proposed in the literature for the liquid dielectric reconfigurable antennas. It facilitates the understanding of the advantages and limitations of this technology, and it helps to draw general design principals for the development of reconfigurable antennas in this category.

show abstract

“…It is important to find some low loss liquid dielectric which can be used at high frequency band. A low-loss transformer oil is employed to change the dielectric constant of substrate for frequency reconfigurable design in [28] and two kinds of ionic liquids are introduced for passive beam-steering in [29]. The ethyl acetate, as a liquid dielectric, is used to make up DRA and realize CP reconfiguration [31] at high frequency band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Circularly-Polarized-Reconfigurable Patch Antenna With Liquid Dielectric

Chen

Wong

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A circularly-polarized-reconfigurable patch antenna based on fluidic control method is proposed in this paper. A liquid dielectric, ethyl acetate, is introduced to change the substrate of a patch antenna from homogeneous to inhomogeneous. Two orthogonal fundamental transverse magnetic (TM) modes are excited with a 90° phase difference in order to produce circularly polarized (CP) radiation. Then, the polarization of the proposed patch antenna is switchable between left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) through the injection of the liquid dielectric to different channels in the substrate. For demonstration, the proposed antenna is designed at 2.4 GHz for radio frequency identification (RFID) application. According to the measured result, the proposed circular-polarization-reconfigurable patch antenna has a stable circularly polarized (CP) gain of 8 dBic and an efficiency of 90 % across the effective frequency band. Additionally, the measured overlapped impedance bandwidth of two polarization state is from 2.24 to 2.52 GHz which can fully cover the measured overlapped 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth from 2.38 to 2.43 GHz.

show abstract

Passive Beam-Steering Gravitational Liquid Antennas

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Liquid Antennas: Past, Present and Future

Liquid Antennas: Past, Present and Future

A Review on Reconfigurable Liquid Dielectric Antennas

A Circularly-Polarized-Reconfigurable Patch Antenna With Liquid Dielectric

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About