Past, Present and Future of Active Radio Frequency Experiments in Space

Streltsov, A. V.; Berthelier, Jean‐Jacques; Чернышов, А. А.; Frolov, V. L.; Honary, F.; Kosch, M. J.; McCoy, R. P.; Mishin, E. V.; Rietveld, M. T.

doi:10.1007/s11214-018-0549-7

Cited by 72 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 315 publications

(556 reference statements)

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“…Sixteen are for plasma modification just over the SURA facility, and only one is for the magnetic conjugated region of the disturbed ionospheric volume over the facility. The beam inclination was designed as 12° southward to enhance artificial turbulence generation due to the magnetic zenith effect (Streltsov et al, 2018), with one exception where vertically directed beam was used for X‐mode pumping. The emitted power from SURA is not too high during these experiments, only between 25 to 75 MW depending on the scheme of measurements.…”

Section: Basic Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electromagnetic Emissions and Plasma Modulations at Middle Latitudes Related to SURA‐CSES Experiments in 2018

et al. 2020

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A total of 17 SURA‐China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) experiments in 2018 have been summarized and analyzed in multiple parameters detected in the topside ionosphere at altitude of 507 km from CSES. Most of them were fulfilled with underdense heating condition, and no any artificial density duct had been detected onboard CSES, but some plasma perturbations were actually observed in lower and topside ionosphere. Among them, different modulated waves were also transmitted by [power on, power off] and amplitude modulation modes on the pumping high‐frequency (HF) wave from SURA, and some were illustrated in HF electric field from CSES in local nighttime, one being verified at fmod in single component of very low frequency (VLF) electric field in local daytime. In addition, X mode‐emitted HF waves excited a filamentary structure on the existing VLF transmitters in local daytime, being different with those in O‐mode HF waves to enhance the VLF transmitter signals and widen their frequency band in local nighttime. These phenomena and their coupling process were discussed finally on the interaction of radio waves with plasma parameters in ionosphere.

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Section: Basic Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electromagnetic Emissions and Plasma Modulations at Middle Latitudes Related to SURA‐CSES Experiments in 2018

et al. 2020

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“…Additional relavent reports on HAARP wave injection include work by Golkowski et al (2009) and Streltsov et al (2010). A broader review of research efforts at HAARP additionally encapsulating HF wave interactions in the ionosphere has recently been compiled by Streltsov et al (2018).…”

Section: High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (Haarp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Controlled Excitation of Non-linear Wave-Particle Interactions in the Magnetosphere

Gołkowski

Harid

Hosseini

2019

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Controlled experiments involving injection of 0.5 Hz-8 kHz electromagnetic waves into the Earth's magnetosphere have played an important role in discovering and elucidating wave-particle interactions in near-Earth space. Due to the significant engineering challenges of efficiently radiating in the ELF/VLF: 300 Hz-30 kHz band, few experiments have been able to provide sustained transmissions of sufficient power to excite observable effects for scientific studies. Two noteworthy facilities that were successful in generating a large database of pioneering and repeatable observations were the Siple Station Transmitter in Antarctica and the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility in Alaska. Both facilities were able to excite Doppler shifted cyclotron resonance interactions leading to linear and non-linear wave amplification, triggering of free running emissions, and pitch angle scattering of energetic electrons. Amplified and triggered waves were primarily observed on the ground in the geomagnetic conjugate region after traversal of the magnetosphere along geomagnetic field aligned propagation paths or in the vicinity of the transmitter following two traversals of the magnetosphere. In several cases, spacecraft observations of the amplified and triggered signals were also made. The observations show the amplifying wave particle interaction to be dynamically sensitive to specific frequency and also specific frequency-time format of the transmitted wave. Transmission of multiple coherent waves closely spaced in frequency showed that the wave particle interaction requires a minimum level of coherency to enter the non-linear regime. Theory and numerical simulations point to cyclotron resonance with counter streaming particles in the 10-100 keV range as the dominant process. A key feature of the non-linear interaction is the phase-trapping of resonant particles by the wave that is believed to drive non-linear wave amplification and the triggering of free-running emissions. Observations and modeling of controlled wave injections have important implications for naturally occurring whistler mode emissions of hiss and chorus and the broader phenomena of radiation belt dynamics. A review of observational, theoretical, and numerical results is presented and suggestions for future studies are made.

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“…Because the HF power available for the ionospheric modification from ground transmitters is always limited, there are many theoretical and experimental studies devoted to the efficiency of how this power is used (Streltsov et al, 2018). Two of the most efficient methods described in the literature include "beam painting" and geometric modulation techniques.…”

Section: 1029/2019gl083340mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Hall Conductivity in Ionospheric Heating Experiments

Tulegenov

Streltsov

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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We investigate the role of Hall conductivity in ionospheric heating experiments. Ionospheric heating by powerful X‐mode waves changes the Hall and Pedersen conductances in the E and D regions, which lead to the generation of ultra‐low frequency (ULF)/extremely‐low frequency/very low frequency waves, when the electric field exists in the ionosphere. The importance of the Hall currents in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere interactions, carried by ULF waves and field‐aligned currents, has been consistently overlooked in studies devoted to the active experiments. Simulations of the three‐dimensional two‐fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, presented in this paper, demonstrate that the Hall conductivity changes (1) the growth rate and the amplitude of ULF waves generated by the heating and (2) the orientation and the direction of propagation of the generated waves. These findings provide insight in the experiments where the waves were generated with a geometric modulation technique and suggest a new and more efficient approach for conducting such experiments in the future.

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Past, Present and Future of Active Radio Frequency Experiments in Space

Cited by 72 publications

References 315 publications

The Electromagnetic Emissions and Plasma Modulations at Middle Latitudes Related to SURA‐CSES Experiments in 2018

The Electromagnetic Emissions and Plasma Modulations at Middle Latitudes Related to SURA‐CSES Experiments in 2018

Review of Controlled Excitation of Non-linear Wave-Particle Interactions in the Magnetosphere

Effects of the Hall Conductivity in Ionospheric Heating Experiments

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