Pasture Nonstructural Carbohydrates and Equine Laminitis

Longland, A. C.; Byrd, Bridgett M.

doi:10.1093/jn/136.7.2099s

Cited by 145 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, EMS-affected equids seem to be especially prone to development of hoof pain after being allowed to graze pastures at certain times of the year. 24,25 Some have argued that the existence of laminitis should not contribute to the definition for EMS because diagnosis of EMS is intended to predict a risk for laminitis. As is the case for the definition of the human metabolic syndrome, evidence now exists that EMS-affected horses and ponies may be characterized by up-regulated markers of inflammation 26,27 and a propensity to develop arterial hypertension.…”

Section: Defining the Equine Metabolic Syndrome: A Work In Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Studies have shown that the NSC content of common pasture grasses tends to increase at certain times of the year (eg, spring, fall) and that development of laminitis is more likely in EMS ponies at these times. 24,62 IR and elevated systemic blood pressure (both components of EMS) are also more prominent when ponies graze high NSC-content pastures. 28 The development of laminitis in equids during pasture grazing should alert veterinarians to the possibility of underlying EMS.…”

Section: Dietary Factors Precipitate and Aggravate Laminitis In Equinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the NSC content of a batch of hay cannot be visually assessed, a forage analysis should be obtained for any hay that is intended for feeding of EMS-affected equids. 24,61,62 Ideally, the NSC content of hay used to both promote weight reduction and avoid glucose/insulin spiking should be less than 10% to 12%. 20 For more detailed information pertaining to the analysis of forage and the differences in how the analysis is performed and reported between forage analysis laboratories, the reader is directed elsewhere.…”

Section: Dietary Strategies To Minimize the Risk For Laminitis In Hormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 For more detailed information pertaining to the analysis of forage and the differences in how the analysis is performed and reported between forage analysis laboratories, the reader is directed elsewhere. 24,61,62 Weight reduction can generally be accomplished by providing 1.5% of the patient's targeted body weight as low-NSC hay, daily (feeding 2% of the patient's body weight failed to elicit weight reduction in one study). The daily forage intake should be provided as numerous small feedings throughout the day to minimize protracted periods of hunger and boredom.…”

Section: Dietary Strategies To Minimize the Risk For Laminitis In Hormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reader is directed to other literature sources for a more complete review of the seasonal and environmental factors that affect the NSC content of pasture grasses. 24,62,81,82 The basic recommendation is to feed EMS-affected horses hay that is characterized by a low NSC and high fiber (structural carbohydrate) content. Affected horses should not be fed alfalfa, grain, or sweet feed.…”

Section: Strategies For Minimizing Dietary Nonstructural Carbohydratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Laminitis and the Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Johnson

Wiedmeyer

LaCarrubba

et al. 2010

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

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Although much has been written about laminitis in the context of its association with inflammatory processes, such as dietary carbohydrate overload and endotoxemia, [1][2][3][4][5] recognition is growing that most cases of laminitis examined by veterinarians in private practice are those associated with pasture grazing, obesity, and insulin resistance (IR). 6,7 The term endocrinopathic laminitis has been adopted to classify the instances of laminitis in which the origin seems to be more strongly associated with an underlying endocrinopathy, such as either IR or the influence of corticosteroids. [8][9][10][11] Results of a recent study suggest that obesity and IR represent the most common metabolic and endocrinopathic predispositions for laminitis in horses. 6,12 IR also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of laminitis that develops when some horses or ponies are allowed to graze pastures at certain times of the year (pasture-associated laminitis [PAL]). [12][13][14][15] Moreover, IR is provoked by and contributes to pathophysiologic processes associated with endotoxemia and systemic inflammation under the more classic circumstances associated with risk for acute laminitis, such as grain overload, retention of fetal membranes, and gastroenteritis. 16,17 However, a recent study using the oligofructose model showed that experimentally induced laminitis was not associated with a loss of insulin sensitivity. 18 The term equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) has been proposed as a label for horses whose clinical examination results (including both physical examination and laboratory testing) suggest heightened risk for developing laminitis as a result of underlying IR. 19 EMS is not a disease per se, but rather is a clustering of clinical abnormalities that, when identified collectively in a given patient, indicates that the likelihood of developing laminitis is greater than in individuals lacking the EMS criteria. Use of the term EMS is especially practical for distinguishing affected horses from those affected with either Cushing's (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction [PPID]) or hypothyroidism, with which EMS is often confused. 19 The clinical importance of diagnosing EMS centers on the fact that recognized risk factors for laminitis can subsequently be avoided in the affected individual. Preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk for laminitis should be rigorously emphasized in EMS-affected horses and ponies.Recently, the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) commissioned a panel of EMS-interested specialists to develop a consensus statement that would help define the syndrome based on current knowledge. 20 During development of the consensus statement, contents of the working draft were presented and discussed at the ACVIM Annual Forum in Montreal, Canada and some of the following comments will be based on those discussions. 20 Ongoing experimental and clinical studies will help better define EMS (which is distinctly different to the human metabolic syndrome 21 ) in the next few years. D...

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Section: Defining the Equine Metabolic Syndrome: A Work In Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%