Path dependence in regional ICT innovation: Differential evolution of Zhongguancun and Bangalore

Wang, Jue; Cheng, Sibo; Ganapati, Sukumar

doi:10.1111/j.1757-7802.2012.01070.x

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…; Wang et al. ). In each year, R&D results heavily depend on previous rankings; therefore, success is a long‐run story, whereby relevant investment in innovative product must be undertaken on a regular basis in order to achieve success in a highly competitive industry, with rapidly changing technologies, and consequently short‐lived high profit margins after any new successful product is brought to the market.…”

Section: Framing the Ict Industry In Lombardy In The Global Arenamentioning

confidence: 98%

Dynamics of knowledge diffusion: the ICT sector in Lombardy

Caragliu

2013

Regional Science Policy & Practice

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This paper analyses the evolution of the information and communication technology (ICT) industry in Lombardy, with a specific focus on the Milan metropolitan area, where most major ICT firms are located. Until the early 1990s, Lombardy’s firms enjoyed a technological advantage, which led to relevant profits, innovative products on the markets, and the emergence of a competitive ICT district. Since the early 1990s, however, this positive trend inverted; local companies lost their competitive edge, and several firms restructured or closed. The restructuring process affecting this industry determined an evolution of the type of knowledge generated in the local district, which gradually moved production from full-fledged computing machinery to marginally-innovative software. Finally, the availability of financial capital originated by the 2000–2001 ICT frenzy stimulated the emergence of new companies, which sought a third, intermediate mode of innovation. Qualitative evidence collected by interviewing local ICT key representatives suggests that indeed ICT firms in Lombardy developed over time a specific mode of innovation, whereby externally-manufactured ICT products are complemented, and improved for the Italian market, with local innovations. The recovery of Lombardy ICT firms in the second half of the 1990s suggests a likely shift from a fully endogenous, to a creative application pattern of innovation

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Section: Framing the Ict Industry In Lombardy In The Global Arenamentioning

confidence: 98%

Dynamics of knowledge diffusion: the ICT sector in Lombardy

Caragliu

2013

Regional Science Policy & Practice

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“…As the result of urban zoning and planning, many development zones and new towns have been constructed within the three primary locational concentrations of major manufacturing industries. Situated between the Third and Fourth Ring Roads, Zhongguancun Sicence Park (ZSP) has agglomerated a high degree of ICT activities since the 1980s, and has become the largest ICT cluster and ICT innovation center in China (Tan, 2006;Wang, Cheng, & Ganapati, 2012;Zhou, 2005). ZSP's success is largely attributed to a large number of top research institutions which are close to the park.…”

Section: Three Driving Forces: Government Interventions and Market Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial distribution of industries in transitional China: A study of Beijing

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Habitat International

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The dual power of government and market Transitional economy Beijing a b s t r a c tThe paper aims to provide a complete picture of the spatial distribution of industries in China, a country which is presently undergoing a transition from a planned economy to a market economy. It also seeks to explore the reasons behind that distribution. We employ the negative exponential function to analyze the spatial distribution of 57 economic sectors in Beijing. Comparison of the preferred location of each sector can reveal the overall industrial spatial pattern, which functions as a spatial reflection of the influence of the government and the market on economic activities. The findings of the study suggest that the governmental force is more powerful than the market force in the urban core, although the overall spatial distribution of industries is found to comply with the laws of the market economy. The power of the government and the market also shape the industrial spatial pattern in other Chinese cities, in ways that are similar to the case of Beijing.

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“…While the initial group of ICT firms in Beijing's Zhongguancun were established by local scientists and engineers, the development of Bangalore's ICT industry was led more by MNCs that swiftly engaged local firms in outsourcing production for export markets (Wang, Cheng, and Ganapati 2012). The establishment of Texas Instruments in 1986 as India's first wholly foreign-owned software subsidiary paved the way for other major companies, including General Electric, Hewlett-Packard, Motorola, and Siemens, to set up operations in Bangalore.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Another group of researchers finds that Zhongguancun lags behind Bangalore in software services, but leads in ICT innovation (J. Wang et al 2012). But regardless of relative competitiveness from an industry perspective, noting the relevance of their respective diasporas is less controversial.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Overall, China's ICT returnees have been particularly attuned to localizing MNC technology and products for the domestic market, which contrasts with the Indian diaspora's role in building Bangalore's outsourcing capabilities (J. Wang et al 2012). Bangalore's most recent returnees are also becoming IT entrepreneurs by leveraging professional networks from former Silicon Valley employers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cosmopolitan Capitalism: Local State-Society Relations in China and India

Tsai¹

2016

J of Asian Stud

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This article examines different patterns of “cosmopolitan capitalism” in three paired localities in China and India: (1) Zhejiang/Gujarat, (2) Zhongguancun/Bangalore, and (3) Guangdong/Kerala. The paired cases illustrate the attentiveness of the local state to transnational society and present varied expressions of the local developmental impact of remittances and return migration. Analytically, this article departs from conventional usages of both state and society by focusing on the local state in combination with a less territorial conception of society. The rationale for this dual definitional stretch—both downwards (local state) and outwards (transnational society)—has an empirical basis. First, the local government represents the day-to-day point of contact with “the state” for most people. Second, limiting the scope of “society” to populations currently residing within national borders unnecessarily excludes temporary migrants and diasporic communities who continue to identify with a locality. Theoretically, this article extends Albert Hirschman's classic categorical troika of “exit, voice, and loyalty” to the literature on new transnationalism.

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Path dependence in regional ICT innovation: Differential evolution of Zhongguancun and Bangalore

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

Dynamics of knowledge diffusion: the ICT sector in Lombardy

Dynamics of knowledge diffusion: the ICT sector in Lombardy

The spatial distribution of industries in transitional China: A study of Beijing

Cosmopolitan Capitalism: Local State-Society Relations in China and India

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