Pathogenicity ofHirsutella citriformis(Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae) toDiaphorina citri(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) andBactericera cockerelli(Hemiptera: Triozidae)

Radial Growth, Sporulation, and Virulence of Mexican Isolates ofHirsutella citriformis1againstDiaphorina citri2

“…Vuill., Isaria fumosorosea Wize or Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sor., for periods of 14 to 21 days (Dimbi et al 2004, Cabanillas andJones 2009). In preliminary bioassay by contact with H. citriformis Mexican strains, we observed much mortality by three of the strains, although none killed 100% as reported by other researchers (Meyer et al 2007, Casique-Valdes et al 2011. Death began on the 6 th day, and synnemata were observed on almost all dead insects after the 10 th day, which agrees with the other reports.…”

“…Radial growth rate is a measure of the ability of fungus to invade the substrate where it grows, but it can also be related to ability to grow on the cuticle as a competitive strategy against other microorganisms, thereby accelerating infection of a host (Varela and Morales 1996). Conditions for growth and conidiation by H. citriformis strains are seldom reported, but their slow growth and poor conidiation in culture media are mentioned (Subandiyah et al 2000, Meyer et al 2007, Casique-Valdes et al 2011.…”

“…Hirsutella is a slowgrowing fungus with poor conidiation (Subandiyah et al 2000, Meyer et al 2007, Casique-Valdes et al 2011. Other morphological characteristics are production of thin mycelia, formation or not of synnemata, a typical spherical-oval base for the phialide (conidiogenous cell) that gives rise to the almost filamentous unbranched necks usually with a single conidium at the tip, and the cymbiform or fusiform conidia covered by a mucilagenous layer (Mains 1951, Toledo et al 2013.…”

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi (Hypocreales) forBactericera cockerelli(Sulc.) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) Control in the Laboratory and Field

“…Currently, entomopathogenic fungi, especially Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Isaria fumosorosea (Wize), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff), and Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Zare & W. Gams (Lacey et al 2011) are biological control agents with potential to control potato psyllid (Butler and Trumble 2012). Susceptibility of potato psyllid to entomopathogenic fungi has been evaluated in relatively few laboratory studies (Sánchez-Peña et al 2007, Lacey et al 2009, Casique-Valdes et al 2011 and field experiments (Lacey et al 2011).…”

Field Trial of Aqueous and Emulsion Preparations of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in a Lime Orchard in Mexico

“…Easy integration of fungi with pesticides has motivated the exploration of diverse fungal species, e.g., Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (Padulla & Alves 2009;Gandarilla-Pacheco et al 2013;Casique-Valdes et al 2015), Hirsutella citriformis Speare (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) (Subandiyah et al 2000;Meyer et al 2007;Casique-Valdes et al 2011;Hall et al 2012;Romero-Rangel et al 2012;Cortez-Madrigal et al 2014;Orduño-Cruz et al 2015;Perez-Gonzalez 2015a,b), Isaria fumosorosea Wize (= Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (Subandiyah et al 2000;Meyer et al 2007;Hoy et al 2010;Gandarilla-Pacheco et al 2013), and Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm.) Zare & W. Gams (= Verticillium lecanii) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (Rivero-Aragon & Grillo-Ravelo 2000).…”