Pathological review of internal genitalia after anterior exenteration for bladder cancer in women. Evaluating risk factors for female organ involvement

Varkarakis, Ioannis; Pinggera, Germar M.; Antoniou, Nikolaos; Constantinides, Kostas; Chrisofos, Michael; Deliveliotis, Charalambos

doi:10.1007/s11255-006-9158-6

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Consistent with the present findings, Varkarakis et al [18] reported unsuspected involvement of internal genitalia in only 3 (5.6%) out of 54 women with clinically organ-confined transitional cell bladder cancer. The vagina was involved in 2 (3.7%) cases and the uterus in 1 (1.9%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In all cases, involvement was due to direct extension from bladder tumors of the base and dome. Benign pathology of the reproductive organs was observed in 6 (11.5%) women and involved the uterus in all cases [18]. Ali-El-Dein et al [19] reported gynecologic organ involvement in 16 (2.6%) of 609 patients; no primary genital cancers were detected in this group of women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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A clinicopathologic study of gynecologic organ involvement at radical cystectomy for bladder cancer

Salem

El-Mazny

2011

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

A clinicopathologic study of gynecologic organ involvement at radical cystectomy for bladder cancer

Salem

El-Mazny

2011

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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“…Similar fi ndings were reported by Varkarakis et al (2007), who found internal genitalia involvement in only three patients out of 54 women with clinically organ-confi ned transitional cell bladder cancer. Th e vagina was involved in two cases (3.8%) and the uterus in one (1.9%).…”

Section: H Salem and A El-maznysupporting

confidence: 89%

Primary and secondary malignant involvement of gynaecological organs at radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Review of literature and retrospective analysis of 360 cases

Salem

El-Mazny

2012

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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The pathological analysis of cystectomy specimens from 360 female patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer was retrospectively reported. The uterus was not available in 29 specimens, while one ovary was absent in 18 specimens and the two ovaries were absent in 20 specimens. Uterine involvement was observed in one case of transitional cell carcinoma, and benign uterine pathology was detected in 37 cases. All patients had normal ovaries, while the vagina was involved in 13 cases. A total of 12% of the patients had urethral involvement. None of the 29 patients, in whom the internal genitalia were totally or partially preserved, had late ovarian, vaginal or uterine recurrence at the last follow-up. Thus, the preservation of female internal genitalia in young patients undergoing radical cystectomy should be considered under strict criteria (low-grade, low-stage tumours away from the bladder neck). This will improve the quality-of-life (QoL) and the functional outcome without compromising cancer control.

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“…Metastasis of urothelial carcinoma to the uterus is very rare. 23,24 Metastasis of colorectal cancer to the genital tract is described. 25 No information is available on the risk for Crohn diseaseYrelated metastases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Operative Radical Pelvic Surgery

Saadeh

Cheema

McCormick

et al. 2015

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

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This study describes a new technique for reconstructing the vagina and vestibule after radical extirpative surgery for urological and anorectal malignancy. The uterus is always excised when exenterative surgery is performed for gynecological cancer. The use of the uterus as a graft gives the gynecologic oncologist/reconstructive surgeon a role in the multidisciplinary team with urologists when the anterior vaginal wall and vestibule are excised and with the anorectal surgeons when the posterior vaginal wall and perineum are excised for nongynecological cancers. In some such cases, only the anterior or posterior wall of the vagina may be excised, leaving a healthy full-length, one-third, or half-circumference vaginal sleeve. A myoserosal flap is raised from the in situ uterus. The ectocervix is excised, and the adnexa are detached or excised. The uterus is opened to generate a hexagonal flap. The endometrium and endocervix are excised/ablated with electrocautery. The flap is advanced to the edge of the remaining anterior vestibule or reconstituted perineum. The serosal surface of the uterus forms the new wall of the vagina and undergoes metaplastic transformation to squamous epithelium within 3 months. The very satisfactory anatomical and functional outcome means that this technique merits further evaluation.

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Pathological review of internal genitalia after anterior exenteration for bladder cancer in women. Evaluating risk factors for female organ involvement

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

A clinicopathologic study of gynecologic organ involvement at radical cystectomy for bladder cancer

A clinicopathologic study of gynecologic organ involvement at radical cystectomy for bladder cancer

Primary and secondary malignant involvement of gynaecological organs at radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Review of literature and retrospective analysis of 360 cases

Co-Operative Radical Pelvic Surgery

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