Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Osteoporosis

Stevens, Nicole; Konda, Sanjit R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33861-9_2

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Osteoporosis is characterized by a low bone density which is 2.5 times less dense than the young-adult mean [ 53 ]. Its general pathophysiology involves an increase in osteoclast activity causing an increase in bone resorption and a decrease in osteoblast activity resulting in a decrease of new bone formation [ 54 ].…”

Section: Bone Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another proposed cytokine pathway for osteoporosis development is bone resorption and deposition primarily regulated by the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) which is produced by osteoblasts and binds to RANK on an osteoclast precursor cell, thereby activating it. Once activated, the osteoclast precursor forms a multinucleated cell which becomes an osteoclast [ 53 ]. Additionally, bone turnover markers can be assessed for selection of treatment and short-term monitoring (see Table 2 for list of bone turnover markers) [ 56 ].…”

Section: Bone Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue Engineering Through 3D Bioprinting to Recreate and Study Bone Disease

et al. 2021

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The applications of 3D bioprinting are becoming more commonplace. Since the advent of tissue engineering, bone has received much attention for the ability to engineer normal bone for tissue engraftment or replacement. While there are still debates on what materials comprise the most durable and natural replacement of normal tissue, little attention is given to recreating diseased states within the bone. With a better understanding of the cellular pathophysiology associated with the more common bone diseases, these diseases can be scaled down to a more throughput way to test therapies that can reverse the cellular pathophysiology. In this review, we will discuss the potential of 3D bioprinting of bone tissue in the following disease states: osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, heterotopic ossification, osteosarcoma, osteogenesis imperfecta, and rickets disease. The development of these 3D bioprinted models will allow for the advancement of novel therapy testing resulting in possible relief to these chronic diseases.

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Section: Bone Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bone Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%