Pathophysiology of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Penticuff, Justin C.; Kyprianou, Natasha

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31341-2_2

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…CRPC, which was previously called hormone-refractory prostate cancer, carries a poor prognosis, and it is estimated that the mean survival time of patients is 9-36 months ( Čapoun et al, 2016). Approximately 90% of patients with CRPC will face bone metastases, resulting in severe pain, pathologic fractures, and/or bone marrow failure (Penticuff and Kyprianou, 2016).…”

Section: Clinical Progression Of Castration-resistant Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Products for the Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Special Focus on Nanoparticles Based Studies

Singla

Sai

Chopra

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality around the world. The progression of advanced prostate cancer to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) plays a major role in disease-associated morbidity and mortality, posing a significant therapeutic challenge. Resistance has been associated with the activation of androgen receptors via several mechanisms, including alternative dehydroepiandrosterone biosynthetic pathways, other androgen receptor activator molecules, oncogenes, and carcinogenic signaling pathways. Tumor microenvironment plays a critical role not only in the cancer progression but also in the drug resistance. Numerous natural products have shown major potential against particular or multiple resistance pathways as shown by in vitro and in vivo studies. However, their efficacy in clinical trials has been undermined by their unfavorable pharmacological properties (hydrophobic molecules, instability, low pharmacokinetic profile, poor water solubility, and high excretion rate). Nanoparticle formulations can provide a way out of the stalemate, employing targeted drug delivery, improved pharmacokinetic drug profile, and transportation of diagnostic and therapeutic agents via otherwise impermeable biological barriers. This review compiles the available evidence regarding the use of natural products for the management of CRPC with a focus on nanoparticle formulations. PubMed and Google Scholar search engines were used for preclinical studies, while ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed were searched for clinical studies. The results of our study suggest the efficacy of natural compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, apigenin, quercetin, fisetin, luteolin, kaempferol, genistein, berberine, ursolic acid, eugenol, gingerol, and ellagic acid against several mechanisms leading to castration resistance in preclinical studies, but fail to set the disease under control in clinical studies. Nanoparticle formulations of curcumin and quercetin seem to increase their potential in clinical settings. Using nanoparticles based on betulinic acid, capsaicin, sintokamide A, niphatenones A and B, as well as atraric acid seems promising but needs to be verified with preclinical and clinical studies.

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Section: Clinical Progression Of Castration-resistant Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Products for the Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Special Focus on Nanoparticles Based Studies

Singla

Sai

Chopra

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Therefore, there is an urgent need for efficacious and safe therapies that specifically target ccRCC. [5][6][7] Photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been extensively utilized in cancer treatments, offering advantages such as low toxicity, minimal side effects, and reduced drug resistance. [8,9] Upon near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, PTT involves the release of vibrational energy through photosensitizers, resulting in the generation of local heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, there is an urgent need for efficacious and safe therapies that specifically target ccRCC. [ 5 – 7 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Renal Carcinoma Treatment via Synergistic Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy Using Hittorf's Phosphorus‐Decorated Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructure

Guan,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2024

Advanced Optical Materials

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Nanostructured heterojunctions offer a promising solution to overcome the limitations of narrow absorption spectra, limited penetration depths, and potential harm to healthy cells in phototherapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) treatment with nanomaterials. In this study, a heterostructure (PCN@HP) by decorating Hittorf's phosphorus nanorods onto biocompatible polymeric carbon nitride (PCN), enabling excitation by NIR light is designed. Compared with PCN and HP alone, the synthesized heterostructure generated localized heat upon broad absorption spectra of irradiation, boosting charge migration and separation, generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Then, via in vitro and in vivo experiments, it is confirmed that the NIR‐mediated PCN@HP heterojunction is a safe and effective approach for synchronous photothermal and photodynamic therapy treatment of ccRCC. Collectively, the PCN@HP heterojunction holds great potential as a non‐invasive synergistic, dual‐mode therapeutic nanomedicine for efficient tumor nano‐therapy.

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Pathophysiology of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Cited by 2 publications

References 75 publications

Natural Products for the Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Special Focus on Nanoparticles Based Studies

Natural Products for the Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Special Focus on Nanoparticles Based Studies

Enhanced Renal Carcinoma Treatment via Synergistic Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy Using Hittorf's Phosphorus‐Decorated Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructure

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