Pathophysiology, risk factors, and screening methods for prediabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Gourgari, Evgenia; Spanakis, Elias K.; Dobs, Adrian S.

doi:10.2147/ijwh.s104825

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…More recently, vitamin D was found to be effective for women diagnosed with PCOS by improving their menstrual frequency and glucose metabolism (6). Insulin resistance, obesity and increased cardiometabolic risk factors are some of the risks associated with PCOS (7), thus making the enrollment of obese (OB)-PCOS patients in our study important. Additionally, the association between the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene polymorphism and PCOS has already been indicated (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic polymorphisms of melatonin receptors 1A and 1B may result in disordered lipid metabolism in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Kou

Wang

et al. 2019

Mol Med Report

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which a woman's levels of the sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) are out of balance, leading to the growth of ovarian cysts. PCOS can affect the menstrual cycle, fertility, cardiac function and even appearance of women. Therefore, we aimed to explore the genetic polymorphism of the melatonin receptors 1A and 1B in obese patients with PCOS to identify a new theoretical basis for its treatment. Patients presenting with PCOS (n=359) were enrolled and classified into an obese OB-PCOS group [body mass index (BMI) of PCOS patients ≥25 kg/m 2 ] or a nonobese NOB-PCOS group, and 215 oviduct infertile patients who experienced normal ovulation were used as the control group. All baseline characteristics, endocrine hormone levels, lipid and glucose metabolism, and insulin indices were measured. The genotypes of rs2119882 within the MTNR1A gene and of rs10830963 within the MTNR1B gene were determined by PCR-RFLP; the genotype frequency and the difference in the distribution of allele frequency were compared. For rs2119882, C allele carriers who were not diagnosed with PCOS had an increased risk of developing PCOS, and C allele carriers with PCOS had an increased risk of developing OB-PCOS. For rs10830963, G allele carriers who were not diagnosed with PCOS had an increased risk of developing PCOS. The TT genotype in rs2119882 and the CC genotype in rs10830963 were protective factors for OB-PCOS, and increased levels of LH, testosterone, and estradiol and abnormal menstruation were key risk factors for PCOS. Furthermore, the TT genotype at the rs2119882 site was the key protective factor for OB-PCOS patients. Our study found that MTNR1A rs2119882 and MTNR1B rs10830963 could increase the risk for PCOS and cause glycolipid metabolism disorder in PCOS patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic polymorphisms of melatonin receptors 1A and 1B may result in disordered lipid metabolism in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Kou

Wang

et al. 2019

Mol Med Report

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“…This is particularly true regarding the management of pregnant and women with PCOS. Both PCOS as a pathological [ 16 ] and pregnancy as a physiological condition carry a risk for the development of dysglycemia, glucose metabolism abnormalities, and diabetes [ 17 ] and could have a negative impact on the future health of patients and their offspring. However, this privileged position is often insufficiently used, [ 18 , 19 ] which is to a certain degree confirmed by the results of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of normal and pathological OGTTs among pregnant population and non-pregnant women with PCOS – the cross-sectional study

Gojnić-Dugalić

Stefanović

et al. 2021

Medicine

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Both pregnancy, as physiological, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as a pathological condition, carry the risk for developing glucose metabolism abnormalities. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we hypothesized that pregnancy as a physiological condition carries a higher likelihood for abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results than PCOS as a pathological condition. We have compared the prevalence and likelihood ratios for abnormal OGTT results between non-pregnant women with PCOS (Group A) and pregnant women at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation (Group B). Participants of both study groups underwent glucose tolerance testing with 75 g glucose OGTT. During the study period, 7411 women were tested, 3932 women encompassed Group A, and 3479 women comprised Group B. The numbers of yearly tested pregnant women and the corresponding proportion of tested women among all study participants have decreased during the study period, from 766 to 131 and 89.1% to 20.5%, respectively. Group A had a significantly lower prevalence (4.4%) of pathological OGTT results compared to Group B (8.1%). This has resulted in a 45.427 likelihood ratio ( P < .001) for abnormal OGTT results in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women with PCOS. We might conclude that pregnancy could have a more challenging influence on glucose metabolism and that carries higher risks for abnormal glucose metabolism than PCOS. The awareness of obstetricians regarding physiological changes during pregnancy that predisposes abnormal glucose metabolism is decreasing over time and the compliance concerning OGTT testing of pregnant women is decreasing too.

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“…The mechanisms behind insulin resistance in women with PCOS include insulin receptor signaling defects and inhibition of insulin-mediated glucose uptake in adipocytes [10]. Metformin, a biguanide that has been used for PCOS treatment since 1994, is able to revert most of the metabolic abnormalities of PCOS [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Short Term Metformin Treatment on Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Plasma Irisin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2020

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic dysfunction associated with obesity and metabolic disorders that can be ameliorated by treatment with metformin. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been recently identified in adult humans, and irisin is a myokine that induces BAT formation. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate whether a short term treatment with metformin alters BAT activity and plasma irisin levels in women with PCOS. The participants were randomly assigned to receive metformin (1500 mg/day, n=21) or placebo (n=24) during 60 days. BAT activity was assessed by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and plasma irisin levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The groups were similar in age, body measures, metabolic profile and PCOS phenotypes. BAT activity did not change significantly in the women treated with metformin (median Δ SUVmax=–0.06 g/ml, interquartile interval –2.81 to 0.24 g/ml, p=0.484, Wilcoxon’s test) or placebo (median Δ SUVmax=0.98 g/ml, interquartile interval –2.94 to 4.60 g/ml, p=0.386). In addition, plasma irisin levels remained unchanged in the groups treated with metformin (median Δ=–98 ng/ml, interquartile interval –366 to 60 ng/ml, p=0.310) and placebo (median Δ=28 ng/ml, interquartile interval –1260 to 215 ng/ml, p=0.650). These results suggest that in PCOS women BAT activity and plasma irisin levels may not change after a brief treatment with metformin.

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Pathophysiology, risk factors, and screening methods for prediabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Cited by 10 publications

References 67 publications

Genetic polymorphisms of melatonin receptors 1A and 1B may result in disordered lipid metabolism in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Genetic polymorphisms of melatonin receptors 1A and 1B may result in disordered lipid metabolism in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Distribution of normal and pathological OGTTs among pregnant population and non-pregnant women with PCOS – the cross-sectional study

Effects of Short Term Metformin Treatment on Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Plasma Irisin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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