Patogenicidad de especies de Fusarium asociadas a la pudrición basal del ajo en el centro norte de México

Abstract

Garlic in Mexico is one of the most profitable vegetable crops, grown in almost 5,451ha; out of which more than 83% are located in Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Sonora, Puebla, Baja California and Aguascalientes. Blossom-end rot caused by Fusarium spp is widely distributed worldwide and has been a limiting factor in onion and garlic production regions, not only in Mexico but also in other countries. The presence of Fusarium oxysporum has been reported in Guanajuato and Aguascalientes. Fusarium culmorum has been reported in onion cultivars of Morelos; and Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium solani and Fusarium acuminatum have been previously reported in Aguascalientes. The goal of this work was identifying the Fusarium species found in Zacatecas, Guanajuato and Aguascalientes, to assess their pathogenicity. Plants with disease symptoms were collected from hereinabove mentioned States. The samples resulted in the identification of: F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, F. solani and F. acuminatum species; out of which Aguascalientes AGS1A (F. oxysporum), AGS1B (F. oxysporum) and AGSY-10 (F. acuminatum) strains showed higher severity under greenhouse conditions.

Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.

“…Although FBR could also be caused by single Fusarium species (Dugan et al 2003;Stankovic et al 2007;Tirado-Ramírez et al 2018a), a complex of different Fusarium species has been frequently found to be responsible for basal rot in Allium (Delgado-Ortiz et al 2016;Ghanbarzadeh et al 2014), which complicates identification and disease management. In addition, a correct estimation of the importance of each species in the disease complex is not easy.…”

“…Even more compounding, the composition of the FBR pathogenic complex appears to vary with geographic regions and plant hosts and is also dynamic within and between growing seasons. For example, a complex of F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, and F. redolens was responsible for basal rot of onion in Finland (Haapalainen et al 2016), while F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, F. solani, and F. acuminatum were co-associated with basal rot of garlic in North Central Mexico (USA) (Delgado-Ortiz et al 2016). Similarly, while most of the aforementioned species were found in onions, F. acuminatum and F. verticillioides were found only in garlic, and F. culmorum was found only in leek plants with similar symptoms (Table 1).…”

Antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride on isolates of Fusarium spp. from Nicotiana tabacum

“…achieved the greatest in vitro growth on F. oxysporum isolated from Capsicum annuum L. Suárez et al (2008) demonstrated that the antagonism of T. harzianum against F. solani, associated with the wilt of Passiflora edulis Sims, at 240 h of confrontation in CD presented inhibition greater than 50 %. This result surpassed some of the treatments evaluated in the present investigation, which could be due to differences in the origin of the (2017) informaron que, T. harzianum cepa A-34 evaluada en este ensayo, alcanzó a las 120 h un 100 % de inhibición del crecimiento micelial del tizón del arroz (Pyricularia grisea Sacc), lo cual se consideró como una acción hiperparásita de esta cepa sobre el fitopatógeno.…”

“…Muchas especies tienen una gran capacidad para infectar a las plantas de interés económico y ciertos biotipos pueden causar infecciones oportunistas a los animales y al hombre, atribuidas fundamentalmente por la producción de micotoxinas (Chiotta et al, 2015). Debido a las estructuras de resistencia que posee, denominadas clamidosporas, persisten largos periodos de tiempo en el suelo, lo cual hace inefectiva la alternativa de manejo basada en la rotación de cultivos (Delgado-Ortiz et al, 2016). F. oxysporum es un organismo muy polífago a nivel de especie, se cuantificaron más de 120 formas especiales, las cuales se basan en la infección que produce sobre la planta hospedera.…”

“…Several species have a big capacity to infect the plants of economic interest and certain biotypes can cause opportunistic infections to the animals and human being, mainly attributed by the production of mycotoxins (Chiotta et al, 2015). Due to the structures of the resistance that it has, denominated chlamydospores, they persist for long periods of time in the soil, which makes ineffective the management alternative based on the crops rotations (Delgado-Ortiz et al, 2016). F. oxysporum is a very polyphagous organism at specie level; 120 special forms were quantified, which are based on the infection that it produces on the host plant.…”