Patterns of antibiotic use in global pig production: A systematic review

Lekagul, Angkana; Tangcharoensathien, Viroj; Yeung, Shunmay

doi:10.1016/j.vas.2019.100058

Cited by 256 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

247

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, the European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) report on sales of veterinary antimicrobials agents in the EU in 2017 shows that penicillins and tetracyclines were the most frequently sold classes of antimicrobials per PCU in Italy [15], which is in line with our data. These substances are often used to treat respiratory diseases in fattening pigs [19,20], while lincosamides are frequently used in the treatment of common infections in Italy such as Brachyspira hyodysenteriae [18], Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae [21], and Lawsonia intracellularis [22] infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acknowledging such significant associations in other species/production systems can be challenging, since several factors need to be taken into account. Moreover, prescribing habits of AMU might not be necessarily rational [20]. In the fattening pig sector, antimicrobials are mass-administered mainly via medicated feed or drinking water, while individual treatments are far less frequent [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Antimicrobial use on Italian Pig Farms and its Relationship with Husbandry Practices

Tarakdjian

Capello

Pasqualin

et al. 2020

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Simple Summary: Quantifying antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock using dose-based methods is useful for identifying potential risk factors related to AMU and to promote responsible AMU. Herewith, we investigated the temporal patterns and effects of several structural and management factors on AMU in a sample of pig farms in northern Italy during a period of three years. Overall, AMU showed a large variability between farms and no significantly decreasing trend. However, in several farms, a significant AMU reduction of up to two-thirds was observed. Farm size, number of farm workers, air quality, average pig mortality, and presence of pigs with undocked tails on the farm had no significant effect on AMU, whereas higher welfare standards were significantly associated with lower AMU.Abstract: The analysis of antimicrobial use (AMU) data in livestock allows for the identification of risk factors for AMU, thereby favoring the application of responsible AMU policies on-farm. Herewith, AMU in 36 finishing pig farms in northern Italy from 2015-2017 was expressed as defined daily doses for Italian pigs (DDDita) per population correction unit (DDDita/100kg). A retrospective analysis was then conducted to determine the effects of several husbandry practices on AMU. Overall, AMU ranged between 12 DDDita/100kg in 2015 and 8 DDDita/100kg in 2017, showing no significant trends, due to the large variability in AMU between farms. However, a 66% AMU reduction was observed in 19 farms during 2015-2017. Farm size, number of farm workers, air quality, average pig mortality, and presence of undocked pigs on the farm had no significant effects on AMU. Rather, welfare-friendly farms had 38% lower AMU levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, animal welfare management seems to be relatively more important than farm structure and other managerial characteristics as drivers of AMU in finishing pig farms.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial use on Italian Pig Farms and its Relationship with Husbandry Practices

Tarakdjian

Capello

Pasqualin

et al. 2020

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These toxins trigger an intracellular signaling cascade resulting in the hypersecretion of electrolytes and water into the intestinal lumen, leading to watery diarrhea (Heo et al, 2013). Lekagul et al (2019) reported that the prophylactic use of in-feed antimicrobials, although strongly discouraged, remains a common practice for coping with PWD in some countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Tannins as a potential alternative to antibiotics to prevent coliform diarrhea in weaned pigs

Girard

Bee

2020

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In addition to a multifactorial etiology of nutritional, social and environmental stressors, post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is often related to infection with specific pathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). In swine farming operations, the incidence of PWD is a global concern and is associated with an unbalanced gut status, resulting in poor performance and high antimicrobial consumption via prophylaxis and metaphylaxis. Increases in antimicrobial resistance are reinforcing an already-urgent need for sustainable, alternative solutions for maintaining optimal gut health in livestock. Tannin-rich plants and extracts contain bioactive compounds that could be of great interest in this respect. This review describes how the use of tannins around weaning could be beneficial for pigs, with special emphasis on the reduction of ETEC-related PWD. An overview of the broad chemical diversity of tannins is presented together with their physicochemical and biological properties, as well as how they may be metabolized in the digestive tract. The pharmacological effects exerted by tannins are summarized; more precisely, the possible mechanisms by which tannins can disrupt the different steps of the pathogenesis of ETEC-related PWD are highlighted. The factors affecting the bioactivity of tannins are also discussed, shedding light on the importance of chemical structure among different tannins.

show abstract

“…A range of antimicrobials are used in the treatment of sick animals, administered by food and/or water, or individually dosed by injection and orally [6,7]. Although the use of antimicrobials has benefits and can significantly improve welfare and decrease the mortality rates in pigs, their excessive and inappropriate use has become a concern because of the emergence and rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals and humans, promoting measures to control and decrease antimicrobial use in livestock [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remotely Sensed Imagery for Early Detection of Respiratory Disease in Pigs: A Pilot Study

Jorquera-Chavez

Fuentes

Dunshea

et al. 2020

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Simple Summary: Respiratory disease in pigs causes suffering in infected animals and economic losses to producers. One of the most appropriate approaches to minimising these negative effects is by the early detection of infected animals. This pilot study aimed to use computer-based techniques to measure changes in temperature (eye and ear-base temperature), heart rate and respiration rate of pigs from thermal-infrared and conventional images. These measures, together with clinical observations, were obtained from pigs that were infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and from pigs that were healthy. Infected pigs showed higher temperature and heart rate than healthy pigs across the period analysed. Respiration rate showed less difference between infected and healthy pigs. In addition, the biggest changes in these measures were recorded from six hours before the clinical observations identified sick animals. Results have highlighted that computer vision techniques can provide important and useable data regarding physiological changes that can indicate early signs of respiratory infection in pigs. This could aid the management of the disease, increasing the success of the treatment and decreasing the rate of severe cases and death.Abstract: Respiratory diseases are a major problem in the pig industry worldwide. Due to the impact of these diseases, the early identification of infected herds is essential. Computer vision technology, using RGB (red, green and blue) and thermal infrared imagery, can assist the early detection of changes in animal physiology related to these and other diseases. This pilot study aimed to identify whether these techniques are a useful tool to detect early changes of eye and ear-base temperature, heart rate and respiration rate in pigs that were challenged with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Clinical observations and imagery were analysed, comparing data obtained from animals that showed some signs of illness with data from animals that showed no signs of ill health. Highly significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between sick and healthy pigs in heart rate, eye and ear temperature, with higher heart rate and higher temperatures in sick pigs. The largest change in temperature and heart rate remotely measured was observed around 4-6 h before signs of clinical illness were observed by the skilled technicians. These data suggest that computer vision techniques could be a useful tool to detect indicators of disease before the symptoms can be observed by stock people, assisting the early detection and control of respiratory diseases in pigs, promoting further research to study the capability and possible uses of this technology for on farm monitoring and management.

show abstract

Patterns of antibiotic use in global pig production: A systematic review

Cited by 256 publications

References 50 publications

Antimicrobial use on Italian Pig Farms and its Relationship with Husbandry Practices

Antimicrobial use on Italian Pig Farms and its Relationship with Husbandry Practices

Invited review: Tannins as a potential alternative to antibiotics to prevent coliform diarrhea in weaned pigs

Remotely Sensed Imagery for Early Detection of Respiratory Disease in Pigs: A Pilot Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About