Patterns of verbal learning and memory in traumatic brain injury

Abstract

CVLT and WMS–R Digit Span variables were used to calculate indexes of seven specific short- and long-term memory processes: working memory span and central executive functions, and long-term memory encoding, consolidation, retention, retrieval, control abilities. Scores on these indexes were then cluster-analyzed to determine whether subtypes of memory performance exist that correspond to deficits in these theoretical memory constructs. Parallel analyses were conducted with two large samples (N = 150 and N = 151) of individuals who had sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Findings showed that TBI results in subgroups of memory disorders with specific deficits in consolidation, retention, and retrieval processes. Control problems (keeping track of list versus non-list items) only appeared in conjunction with retrieval deficits. Working memory span and central executive functioning (i.e., the ability to manipulate information in working memory) do not appear to be deficits characteristic of TBI as no such clusters emerged in the analyses. By using specific indexes of memory processes, and in contrast to previous studies, patterns of memory dysfunction were found that correspond to deficits in theoretically meaningful memory constructs. (JINS, 2001, 7, 574–585.)

Hemispheric and executive influences on low-level language processing after traumatic brain injury

“…Work on subgroups of memory functioning might suggest that these results are indicative of different patterns of responding (Curtiss, Vanderploeg, Spencer, & Salazar, 2001). Other researchers, however, have noted that memory deficits often go hand-in-hand with deficits of executive functioning, and have begun to implicate the latter as a cause for the former (as discussed in Raskin, 2000).…”

Theoretically derived CVLT subtypes in HIV-1 infection: Internal and external validation

“…It is possible that individuals with HIV-1 infection exhibit distinct patterns of verbal learning and memory, as found in the traumatic brain injury literature (Curtiss et al, 2001;Deshpande et al, 1996;Millis & Ricker, 1994;Wiegner & Donders, 1999).…”

Effect of age on forward and backward span tasks

“…Successful performance on the backward element of these tasks has been argued to represent a measure of central executive function due to the additional requirement of manipulation of information within temporary storage (Groeger et al, 1999;Lezak, 1995). Furthermore, a number of studies have argued for central executive deficits in clinical and nonclinical samples on the basis of impaired backward span performance (Curtiss et al, 2001;Dobbs et al, 2001).…”