PCDD/F emissions related to the operating conditions of the flue gas cleaning system of MWI-Amsterdam

Sierhuis, W.; Vries, C. de; Born, J.G.P.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(95)00242-1

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Owing to their simple design and low maintenance costs, electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) were often used for this purpose in the oldest municipal waste incineration (MWI) plants. Though these systems permitted established dust emission standards to be met, they also seemed to be important precursors of dioxin formation (De Jong et al, 1993;Sierhius et al, 1996;Thomas and Spiro, 1996). In this respect, fabric filters provide an alternative for achieving better results, and a contributor to dioxin formation is thus avoided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in dioxin abatement strategies at a municipal waste management plant in Barcelona

2003

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in dioxin abatement strategies at a municipal waste management plant in Barcelona

2003

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“…The filtration face velocity, v f , determines the required filter area for a given gas flow rate and fixes the contact time of the gas within the voids of the filter cake. Although both dust and lime 4,15 are known to possess active sites, these are, however, 2 orders of magnitude lower than for adsorbents and have been excluded. The parameters influencing the cake removal of PCDD/F can be summarized as (1) d, the thickness of the filter cake (m), on average only a few mm; (2) v f , the face filtration velocity (m/sec); (3) ε, voidage of the filter cake (Ϫ), approximately 0.5; (4) B , the bulk density of the cake (kg/m 3 ); (5) t f , the contact time in the cake (sec), in other words,…”

Section: Adsorption Of Gaseous Pcdd/f In Entrained Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously mostly related to incineration, [1][2][3][4] these toxic pollutants are now also being targeted in metallurgical processes (e.g., sintering, foundries), 2,5 chemical plants (e.g., cracking units, reformers), and coal-fired power stations. 5,6 These groups of substances can neither be separated by conventional gas cleanup processes (i.e., dry or semi-dry sorption using a lime slurry) nor by simple scrubbing systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of PCDD/F from Incinerator Flue Gases by Entrained-Phase Adsorption

Everaert

Baeyens

Degrève

2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The emission abatement of polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) issued from municipal solid waste incineration is growing in importance because of more stringent emission standards and general concern about their toxic characteristics. These substances cannot be separated by conventional gas cleanup processes but are successfully removed through adsorption onto carbonaceous materials. The simplest technique is the entrained-phase injection of pulverized adsorbents in the flue gas, followed by fabric filter separation. The various related techniques are briefly reviewed here. Operating conditions and results obtained from Flemish MSWIs are given. The results illustrate the excellent overall removal efficiency. Furans are adsorbed to a slightly higher extent than dioxins.PCDD/F removal by carbonaceous adsorbents is thereafter modeled from first principles for the contribution of both entrained-phase ( 1 ) and cake filtration ( 2 ) to the overall efficiency ( T ). Application of the model equations and comparison of measured and predicted overall efficiencies for the Flemish municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) demonstrate that the approach is meaningful and that the dominant parameters are the operating temperature, the dosage and activity of adsorbent, and the fraction of adsorbent in the filter cake. The model equations enable the MSWI operators to predict the adsorption efficiencies for any combination of operating parameters and to assess the sensitivity of the process to varying operating conditions.

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“…Several reports suggest that powdered activated carbon [PAC] injection reduces PCDDR emissions (Heath, 1995;Licata, et al, 1994;and Sierhuis, et al 1994). W i l e sulfiir or iodine hpregnated PAC have been suggested to perfom better tlian ordmary PAC in some applications.…”

Section: Sorbent Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If particulate emissions limitations are to be simultaneously met, reagent addition rate is linlited by the particulate reinoval capability of the ESP. DCERF typically operates at a nominal stoichiometric ratio of 0.8:l. The baseline runs indicate that the actual stoicliometric ratio achieved during testing was between 66 and 97 percent.Several reports suggest that powdered activated carbon [PAC] injection reduces PCDDR emissions (Heath, 1995;Licata, et al, 1994;and Sierhuis, et al 1994). W i l e sulfiir or iodine hpregnated PAC have been suggested to perfom better tlian ordmary PAC in some applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrofit of waste-to-energy facilities equipped with electrostatic precipitators. Volume I: Report

Rigo¹,

Chandler

1996

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A BSTRA CTMany existing municipal waste combustion [MWC] facilities are equipped with electrostatic precipitators [ESPs]; few have acid gas control systems. Retrofitting these facilities with spray dryers and fabric filters to meet the emissions guidelines for existing facilities promulgated by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] on December 19, 1995 will be costly. To help lower the cost of compliance, a retrofit technology using water spray temperature reduction combined with dry acid gas control reagent and powdered activated carbon [PAC] injection was tested in November, 1995 2,000 mg/dsm3 @ 7% O2 (150 lbhr) of trona (a natural sodium sesquicarbonate ore) injected through a rapid dispersion lance successfully controlled more than 50 percent of the acid gases, This should let facilities under 250 TPD meet the small plant guidelines for acid gas control. Various levels of PAC were injected along with the trona. 300 mg/dsm3 @ 7% O2 of PAC provides a comfortable margin between the emissions limitations achieved and both large and small plant regulatory guidelines for tetra-through octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans [PCDD/FJ and mercury when the ESP is operated below 350"F, Bi-fluid nozzles were used to spray finely atomized water between the economizer outlet and ESP inlet to maintain temperatures in the desired 300-350°F range. Particulate and metals emissions limitations were met by this 400 ft2/l,000 ace2 specific collector area [SCA], 3-field ESP. Both the water sprays and PAC improved ESP performance.The proof-of-concept demonstration was successful. With dry PAC, acid gas reagent injection, and temperature reduction, M W C emissions guidelines for facilities smaller than 250 TPD can be reliably met. Everything except the large facilities SOz and HC1 guideline emissions limitations was achieved. Better acid gas control should be achievable with more reagent addition if the ESP is efficient enough to avoid violating particulate limits, Coinbustion related pollutants, CO and NOx, require other control techniques whose demonstration was outside the scope of this effort. Special thanks go to the host, the Davis County Energy Recovery Facility. The efforts of LeGrand Bitter (District Manager), Jack Schmidt (Plant Manager), John Watson (Chief Operator), Bart Baker (Instrumentation), Don Leach (Residue Sampling) and the rest of the staff involved in making the modifications for this test, operating the facility to meet test requirements, obtaining samples and gathering performance data are gratehlly acknowledged. PREFACEThe Principal Investigator was H. Gregor Rig0 (Rig0 & Rig0 Associates, Inc., Berea, Ohio) in association with A. John Chandler (A. J. Chandler & Associates Ltd., Toronto, Ontario). The stack gas emissions testing contractor was Bovar-Concord Eiiviroimental (Toronto, Ontario). The analytic laboratory was Zenon Environmental Laboratories (Burlington, Ontario) and the TCLP laboratory was NUS Laboratories (Pittsburgh, Pemisylvania). The extraordinary efforts of Bovar's D...

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PCDD/F emissions related to the operating conditions of the flue gas cleaning system of MWI-Amsterdam

Cited by 38 publications

References 2 publications

Improvements in dioxin abatement strategies at a municipal waste management plant in Barcelona

Improvements in dioxin abatement strategies at a municipal waste management plant in Barcelona

Removal of PCDD/F from Incinerator Flue Gases by Entrained-Phase Adsorption

Retrofit of waste-to-energy facilities equipped with electrostatic precipitators. Volume I: Report

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