Peak distortion in chromatography. Part 1: Concentration‐dependent behavior

Abstract

Asymmetrical or tailed peaks are a common problem in chromatography. The causes of this distortion are described and classified. Each case is discussed from the point of view of first diagnosing the cause of asymmetry end then dealing with it appropriately; e.g. by removing the cause or, in applications to physicochemical measurement, by using more appropriate measures of retention than the residence time of the peak maximum. The classification of sources of asymmetry applies to both gas and liquid chromatography, allowing information derived from one field to be extended to the other. Part 1 of this review covers nonlinear, concentration‐dependent behavior with and without nonideal band‐spreading. Part 2 will deal with sources of distortion controlled by the kinetics of transport or reaction processes, viz. apparatus effects, incomplete resolution, slow kinetic processes, chemical reaction, and column voids.

Fluidic and syringe injection study by peak shape analysis

“…exponential dilution) can be checked and their characteristic parameters evaluated (6,9,13,16,17). In fact, the extracolumn effect variances are independent and additive (5,18,19)…”

Analytical accuracy of hydrogen measurement using gas chromatography with thermal conductivity detection

“…A. However, overloading occurs on the MS 5A column when the sample capacity of the solid phase is easily exceeded and Henry's law is no longer valid as it deviates from linearity . This can arise when the surface of an adsorbent is covered by the N 2 carrier gas, and a thin layer of a modifying film is likely formed.…”

Fundamental Relationships of Chromatography

“…Chromatographie sources include incomplete resolution of sample components, slow kinetic processes, chemical reactions, and the formation of column voids [93,94]. Chromatographie sources include incomplete resolution of sample components, slow kinetic processes, chemical reactions, and the formation of column voids [93,94].…”